Preservation vs. Dissection of Inferior Pulmonary Ligament for Thoracoscopic Upper Lobectomy

Inclusion Criteria: 1. 18 years old \< age \< 70 years old; 2. Meet the indications for thoracoscopic left/right upper lobectomy; 3. Gave informed consent and were willing to undergo thoracoscopic left/right upper lobectomy; 4. Preoperative pulmonary function test: FEV1\>1L and FEV1\>60% of the predicted value; 5. Preoperative ECOG score of 0-1; 6. Preoperative ASA score I-II. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Inferior mediastinal lymphadenopathy was found in preoperative screening; 2. Found that other lobe operations were required at the same time due to multiple lesions in the preoperative discussion; 3. Pregnant or lactating women; 4. Suffering from severe mental illness; 5. History of thoracic surgery (including intrathoracic surgery only, excluding surface surgery such as mastectomy); 6. History of unstable angina or myocardial infarction within the past six months; 7. History of cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage within the past six months; 8. History of continuous systemic corticosteroid therapy within the past month; 9. Abnormal coagulation function, bleeding tendency, or receiving antithrombotic or antiplatelet therapy recently; 10. Suffering from severe liver, kidney, and other systemic diseases; 11. Other situations that are not suitable for surgery.