Biofeedback equipment is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical device class II and this type of equipment/treatment has shown evidence regarding stress management. In fibromyalgia. The main objective of the study is to verify the feasibility of an HVR biofeedback training protocol in patients with fibromyalgia, and also to verify improvement induced by the technique in relation to: Quality of life; Quality of sleep; Perception of pain; Depressive symptomatology; Anxious symptomatology.
Background and rationale of study Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease, it is characterised by persistent and diffused musculoskeletal pain with not well defined etiology. Fibromyalgia often occurs in comorbidity with other functional, organic and psychiatric pathologies. The main clinical manifestation of FM is pain, which is predominantly described by people with fibromyalgia as a burning sensation, stiffness, contracture and tension. Pain varies depending on moments of the day, activity levels, weather conditions, sleep cycle and perceived distress. Patients suffering from fibromyalgia commonly have functional disorders, including persistent fatigue,dysregulated sleep, cognitive slowness, bowel disorders, paresthesia. Futhermore, fibromyalgia occurs in comorbidity with depression with a percentage that varies between 22% and 80% (3,4). Moreover, some patients with fibromyalgia have anxiety disorder and other syndromes related to stress as irritable bowel. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in general population is 2%, with a peak of onset between 45-60 years. The gender prevalence varies between 0.5% and 5%, it is more common between women (\~ 4.2%) than men (\~0.2%). Fibromyalgia has an important impact on the quality of life. Biofeedback is one of the medical devices used for the treatment of fibromyalgia, that aimes to riduce the typical symptoms and improve QoL. Biofeedback allows to learn self-regulation of some physiological processes through feedback of recorded parameters and the goal is improving health and its performances. Biofeedback measures muscle activity, skin temperature, electrodermal activity (sudoriparous glands activity), respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, electrical brain activity and bloodstream, it also gives a quick feedback of those personal measurements to the patient, in this way biofeedback teaches people to have a more active role in maintaining a good personal, mental and physical health (quickly and thoroughly it give person feedback of activity and biofeedback teaches people to take a more active role in maintaining personal health and mental health and physical health). Biofeedback equipment is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical device class II and this type of equipment/treatment has shown evidence regarding stress management (evidence were shown as regards stress menagement). In fibromyalgia, the greatest benefits from using biofeedback are: improvement of sleep quality, improvement of self- efficacy, improvement of pain threshold, and improvement of emotional adjustment. In particular, a study conducted with HRV biofeedback, in which the sample learned resonance frequency breathing, showed dicreases in depression and pain and improved the person's system functioning. Study objectives The main objective of the study is to verify the feasibility of an HVR biofeedback training protocol in patients with fibromyalgia, and also to produce a preliminary measurement of the possible improvement induced by the technique in relation to:Quality of life; Quality of sleep; Perception of pain; Depressive symptomatology; Anxious symptomatology This measure will be useful to estimate the expected improvement in future case-control studies. Study design This is a controlled clinical trial with crossover and comparison between usual care and biofeedback training, plus usual care.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
64
The selected sample will undergo 10 total Biofeedback Training sessions, once a week. Each session will last 45 minutes. The total duration of the treatment will be 10 weeks
The sample will be treated only with standard therapies without the use of biofeedback training for 10 weeks
P.O. San Giovanni di Dio, AOU Cagliari
Cagliari, Italy
Quality of sleep, Sleep scale from the medical study (MOS),change is being assessed
Self-assessment questionnaire consisting of 12 items and is aimed at evaluating certain fundamental parameters in sleep disorders such as sleep, sleep continuity, sleep duration, sleepiness and breathing disorders during sleep. The total score is on the scale ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate more disturbed sleep
Time frame: T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), change is being assessed
self-administered questionnaire, consisting of 20 questions, divided into three parts: ability to carry out activities of daily life; number of days in the last week in which the patient has felt good and in which he has not been able to carry out his work due to the symptoms of FM. Questions 4 to 10 relate to the extent of FM interference with one's work, the intensity of pain and fatigue, the quality of the night's rest, the intensity of stiffness and the presence of anxiety or depression; responses range from 0 (no disturbance) to 10 (very important disorder), marked on a horizontal linear scale. The maximum FIQ score, corresponding to the highest degree of disability, is 100
Time frame: T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), change is being assessed
Short self-administered tool used for screening, diagnosis, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression. It's composed of 9 items that correspond to the symptoms of major depression according to DSM-IV. The score has a range between 0 and 27. Scores between 0 and 9 indicate the presence of a sub-threshold depression. The score of 10 is indicated as the point at which the sensitivity and specificity of the instrument are recognized as optimal for highlighting depressions of clinical relevance.
Time frame: T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Bodily and emotional perception of pain (BEEP), change is being assessed
Instrument consisting of 23 items with Likert scale with six-step interval (from 0 to 5), organized in three subscales definable according to the following denomination: Emotional reaction induced by pain (including 15 items); Limitations caused by pain in the daily life (including 4 items); and Interference of pain on mood, interpersonal relationships, sleep and pleasure of living (4 items).
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Time frame: T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Sense of Coherence Scale 13- item (SOC), change is being assessed
Self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 items providing a total score and a score for each dimension: "comprehensibility" (C), which refers to the ability to perceive life events as coherent, structured and clear; "Manageability" (Ma), which refers to the ability to perceive that the available resources satisfy the needs of life; and "Significance" (Me), which refers to the feeling that life, emotionally, makes sense. The total score ranges from 13 to 91, with higher scores indicating a higher SOC.
Time frame: T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)