The Relationship Among Electroencephalography,Skin Conductance Response,Heart Rate Variability and Mental Health Among Smartphone Users After Receiving Texting or Calling

Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital100 enrolled

Overview

The number of smartphone users in Taiwan continues to increase exponentially. Smartphone addiction tends to not only disrupt the ability of social communication but cause physical and psychological problems as well. This study examined the relationship among skin conductance, electroencephalography, heart rate variability (HRV), social interaction anxiety and smartphone addiction among Line apps users, and we also tried to identify associated factors for further interventions.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

SCREENING

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

100

Conditions

Smartphone Users, Smartphone Addiction, Anxiety, and Skin Conductance

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 20 YearsMax age: 65 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: (a) were older than 20 years of age and (b) used a smartphone with internet and Line app. Exclusion Criteria: the participants were those who (a) had alcoholism or drug dependence; (b) had any pre-existing major mental disorders; (c) had history of brain injury; and (d) had palmar hyperhidrosis.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

skin conductance

change of skin conductance (micro-Siemens (μS))

Time frame: 3 minutes

Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

Heart Rate Variability is a measure which indicates the variation in your heartbeats within a specific timeframe.

Time frame: 3 minutes

Electroencephalography (Hz)

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record .... EEG is commonly recorded at sampling rates between 250 and 2000 Hz in clinical and research settings

Time frame: 5 minutes

Secondary Outcomes

The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale

The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was developed by Zung (1971) for measuring levels of anxiety. It has been conducted in a number of cross-cultural studies, and translated into different languages with nearly 20 versions. The SAS test is a self-administered questionnaire with 20 items. The total scores of the SAS range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating a higher level of anxiety.

Time frame: 10 minutes

The Chinese version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI)

The Chinese version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to examine participant's PSU, and it was designed and developed on the basis of the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) with a four-factor structure: compulsive behavior, functional impairment, withdrawal and tolerance \[24\]. The total scores of SPAI range from 26 to 104, and the higher scores indicate higher levels of smartphone addition.