This research trial studies the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in screening Indian men who have sex with men (MSM). Gathering health information over time from Indian MSM may help doctors determine how many Indian MSM develop new cases of HIV infection.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the one-year incidence of HIV among high-risk MSM in India. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To test the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting a sample of 150 high-risk HIV-uninfected MSM using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and following them every six months for one year. II. To produce preliminary descriptive data on the prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated disease and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HPV in HIV-seronegative MSM in India. III. To produce preliminary descriptive data on sexual risk behaviors with men and women, as well as data on other potential confounders. OUTLINE: Participants receive a questionnaire, undergo a targeted physical and anal clinical exam, undergo blood collection and urethral swab for STIs, and a penile skin cell and anal swab for cytology and HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at months 0, 6, and 12. Participants also undergo high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) and penile clinical exam at month 12.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Undergo blood, urethral swab, penile skin cell, and anal swab collection
Correlative studies
Undergo anal and penile clinical exam
UCSF Medical Center-Parnassus
San Francisco, California, United States
Tata Memorial Hospital
Mumbai, India
Udaan Trust
Mumbai, India
Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The total number of participants with incident HIV divided by the total follow-up will be used to calculate the incidence per 100 person years. HIV status is determined by HIV rapid test and a confirmatory Western blot test.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Successful respondent-driven sampling (RDS)
Defined as half of the study sample enrolled and at least 50% of the responses to the questions of RDS acceptability are answered "Not at all embarrassed or burdened by RDS".
Time frame: 3 months
Successful respondent-driven sampling (RDS)
Defined as more than 80% of participants recruited through RDS.
Time frame: 12 months
Prevalence of penile human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Summarized using proportions and exact 95% binomial confidence interval (CI). Will be estimated for specific types and for all combined.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions of the penis
Summarized using proportions and exact 95% binomial CI. Will be estimated for specific types and for all combined.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions of the anus
Summarized using proportions and exact 95% binomial CI. Will be estimated for specific types and for all combined.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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Undergo targeted physical exam
Undergo HRA
Ancillary studies
Summarized using proportions and exact 95% binomial confidence interval (CI). Will be estimated for specific types and for all combined.
Time frame: Up to 12 months