The purpose of this study is to learn if Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) medications enhance beneficial properties of epicardial adipose tissue including metabolic flexibility, insulin sensitivity, decreased cell size and reduced inflammation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
61
Adipose tissue samples collected from participants were treated with Ertugliflozin at a concentration of 25 µM in vitro. This treatment was applied in a laboratory setting to assess the effects of Ertugliflozin on lipolysis, inflammatory cytokine release, and gene expression in epicardial, pericardial, and subcutaneous adipose tissue
Stanford University
Stanford, California, United States
Rate of isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis to measure metabolic flexibility in epicardial adipose tissue samples.
Analysis will be performed using Lipolysis Colorimetric Assay and measured by glycerol content on standard curve. Indirect effects of SGLT2i in vivo in epicardial adipose tissue will be compared to Glipizide by measuring rate of lipolysis, or breakdown of adipose in to free fatty acids.
Time frame: Time to collect tissue collected during surgery (up to 15 minutes)
Average insulin mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) to measure insulin sensitivity in epicardial adipose tissue samples.
Mature adipocytes will be isolated, cultured, and treated with 2-NBDG, a fluorescently-labeled deoxyglucose analog, as a probe for the detection of glucose uptake measured by excitation/emission of florescence in the mature cells.
Time frame: Time to collect tissue collected during surgery (up to 15 minutes)
Characterization of the inflammatory cytokine expression profile in epicardial adipose tissue samples.
Analysis will be performed using Luminex to measure levels of inflammatory cytokines on the human adipocyte panel.
Time frame: Time to collect tissue collected during surgery (up to 15 minutes)
Distribution of adipose cell size in epicardial tissue.
After tissue collection and osmium fixation, adipose cell size will be determined by Beckman Coulter Multisizer III, and described via a mathematical model to estimate peak diameter, fat storage capacity, size variability, and % small cells.
Time frame: Time to collect tissue collected during surgery (up to 15 minutes)
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