Effects of Physical Inactivity on Insulin Sensitivity, Appetite, Energy Balance, and Cardiovascular Responses in Humans.

N/ACompletedNCT04172090

University of Nottingham8 enrolled

Overview

Physical inactivity is a significant predictor of major non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes (7%), cardiovascular disease (6%), musculoskeletal disorders and some cancers, and has been proposed to be the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. Reduced physical activity leads to an impaired function of the hormone insulin and increased adiposity. Thus, the elimination of physical inactivity would remove between 6% and 10% of the major non-communicable diseases and increase life expectancy. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of a short-term (2-day) period of reduced physical activity, with and without a proportional decrease in energy intake, on the action of insulin to regulate blood sugar fluctuations, appetite, and cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood flow, arterial blood pressure, peripheral vascular resistance) in response to food ingestion.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Sedentary Behavior

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 35 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Non-smoking * Males and females * Age (18-35 years old) * Body mass index (BMI) of 18-27 kg/m2 * Waist circumference \<94cm for males and \<80cm for females * Ability to give informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Smoking * Any metabolic (e.g. diabetes), endocrine (e.g. hyperthyroidism) or cardiovascular (e.g. heart or blood) abnormalities including hypertension or heart failure * Clinically significant abnormalities on screening including ECG abnormalities * Taking routine medication that may alter cardiovascular function and blood flow (e.g. blood pressure-lowering drugs or drugs that cause hypertension) * Well trained individuals with PAL\>2.00; on an energy-restricted diet or seeking to lose weight * High alcohol consumption (\<3-4 units/d for men; \<2-3 units/d for women) * Females who are pregnant or lactating; self-reported allergy, intolerance or strong dislike of foods or drinks to be offered for the test breakfast, pasta meal or during the intervention period * Beck Depression Inventory score \>10 and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) score \>20 as self-reported markers of symptoms and concerns characteristic of depression and eating disorders, respectively.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

The incremental area under curve for Insulin

The incremental area under curve for Insulin will be calculated using samples collected at 20 minute intervals between baseline and three hours

Time frame: Over three hours from baseline

Secondary Outcomes

The incremental area under curve for arterialized whole blood glucose

The incremental area under curve for arterialized whole blood glucose will be calculated using samples collected at 10 minute intervals between baseline and four hours

Time frame: Over four hours from baseline