Immunoprophylaxis failure of hepatitis B (HBV) remains a concern and has been reported in approximately 10-30% of infants born to highly viremic mothers with HBeAg-positive. Maternal HBV DNA \>6log10 copies/mL (or 200,000 IU/mL) is the major independent risk for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Two recent random controlled trial (RCT) studies have shown that the use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in highly viremic HBsAg positive mothers may safely reduce the rate of MTCT when compared between groups of TDF treated and untreated patients. Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) is the successor to TDF, and both drugs have a similar mechanism of action to reduce HBV DNA levels and normalize serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB) with few adverse effects. TAF however, has a better safety profile with less adverse effects to bone mineral density and renal function. The present prospective, double-arm study is to evaluate the non-inferiority in the efficacy and safety of TAF therapy versus TDF therapy in highly viremic mothers and their infants for the prevention of MTCT in the real world setting.
This is a prospective, double-arm, multi-center study conducted through 11 centers across China. Consecutive 450 mothers who are eligible for the study will be enrolled during gestational weeks 24-28 to receive TDF or TAF based on the patients' preference, and the treatment will be discontinued right after the delivery. All infants will receive HBV vaccination plus HBIg within 12 hours after birth and the additional HBV vaccination at the age of 4 weeks and 24 weeks. Primary outcome assessment will be performed at the infants' age of 28 will be collected to evaluate non-inferiority in the safety and efficacy of TAF therapy versus TDF therapy. These parameters will be extracted from test results of serum biochemistries, hematology, and virology, including but not limited to aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, HBV DNA levels, and serological status of HBV (HBsAg, HBeAb, HBcAb, HBeAg, and HBsAg). All aforementioned clinical parameters will be extracted from mothers at the following timepoints for assessment: the baseline, i.e. the start of TAF/TDF treatment, gestational weeks 28, 32, 36, on delivery, and at postpartum weeks 24-28. For the infant, information from two timepoints, at birth and at infant age of 28 weeks, will be collected. This information regarding the infant will include the physical parameters weight, height, head circumference, HBV DNA levels, HBV serological status, if they received hepatitis B immunoglobin (HBIg), if they received the complete series of HBV vaccine. All relevant information regarding the patient will be logged into a password-protected computer for primary and secondary analysis. Group A: 225 participating mothers will receive TAF (oral 25 mg tablet daily) starting at gestational week 24-28 of pregnancy and continue until delivery. The mothers will be followed together with their infants until postpartum week 28.Infants will receive hepatitis B vaccine plus HBIg at birth (within 12 hours) and additional hepatitis B vaccine at the age of week 4 and week 24. Group B: 225 participating mothers will receive TDF (oral 300 mg tablet daily) starting at gestational week 24-28 of pregnancy and continue until delivery. Patients in group B will have similar follow-up schedules as those in the Group A. Infants will receive hepatitis B vaccine plus HBIg at birth (within 12 hours) and additional hepatitis B vaccine at the age of week 4 and week 24.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
450
Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) will be provided, 25 mg Per Oral daily.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) will be provided, 300 mg Per Oral daily.
Pingdingshan Hospital of Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center
Shapingba, Chongqing Municipality, China
RECRUITINGFirst Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
Fuzhou, Fujian, China
RECRUITINGThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
RECRUITINGHainan General Hospital
Haikou, Hainan, China
RECRUITINGThe Third Hospital of Qinhuangdao
Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
RECRUITINGThe Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University
Harbin, Heilonjiang, China
RECRUITINGXiangya Hospital, Central South University
Changsha, Hunan, China
RECRUITINGGanzhou Fifth People's Hospital
Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
RECRUITINGShengjing Hospital of China Medical University
Shenyang, Liaoning, China
RECRUITINGShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University
Zhujing, Shanghai Municipality, China
RECRUITING...and 1 more locations
Assessment on the Proportion of Infants who are Infected with Hepatitis B at the Age of 28 Weeks in the Two Groups
Compare MTCT rates between the two study groups and demonstrate non-inferiority in efficacy. MTCT rate is defined as the proportion of infants with serum HBV DNA \>20 IU/mL and/or HBsAg positivity at 28 weeks of age.
Time frame: From the date of birth to the age of 24-28 weeks
Assessment on Congenital Defects and/or Malformation Rates in Each Infant Group for Comparison
The rate of congenital defects and/or malformation rates in infants. Congenital defects and/or malformation rates are defined as the proportion of infants with the aforementioned abnormalities discovered during the study period. The rate of infant congenital defect/malformation as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: from the date of birth to Infant's age of 24-28 weeks
Assessment on the change in Maternal HBV DNA Levels at Delivery
Assess the change in maternal HBV DNA levels (IU/mL) at delivery when compared to the baseline before initiating TAF/TDF.
Time frame: from gestational week 24-28 week to delivery
Maternal Serological Outcomes During the Study: Percentage of Mothers who Loss/Seroconversion of HBsAg or/and HBeAg During the Study
Assess the percentage of mothers who loss/seroconversion of HBsAg or/and HBeAg during the study. Loss is defined by a test showing a negative HBsAg/HBeAg result at the end of the trial, given a positive respective test result at baseline. A seroconversion is defined as a test showing a negative HBsAg and a positive HBsAb result, or a negative HBeAg and a positive HBeAb result at the end of the trial, given a positive HBsAg/HBeAg test result at baseline. The proportion of mothers who experience loss/seroconversion as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: from gestational week 24-28 week to postpartum week 28
Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events in Mothers as Stratified by the CTCAE v 5.0
Assess the percentage of Mothers who have adverse events during the study, graded by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5.0. The proportion of mothers who experience adverse events as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Gestational week 24-28 until Postpartum Week 28
Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events in Infants as Stratified by the CTCAE v 5.0
Assess the percentage of infants who have adverse events during the study, graded by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5.0. The proportion of infants who experience adverse events as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Delivery until Infant age Week 28
Percentage of Mothers with Alanine transferase (ALT) Levels Within the Normal Limit
To calculate the percentage of mothers at postpartum 28 weeks whose ALT (U/L) levels stay within the normal limit in response to therapy. The proportion of mothers whose ALT levels who stay within the normal limit as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Gestational week 24-28 until Postpartum week 28
Percentage of Mothers with Aspartamine transferase (AST) Levels Within the Normal Limit
To calculate the percentage of mothers at postpartum 28 weeks whose AST (U/L) levels stay within the normal limit in response to therapy. The proportion of mothers whose AST levels who stay within the normal limit as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Gestational week 24-28 until Postpartum week 28
Group A: Proportion of Infants Born to Mothers Who Received TAF, Whose Physical Growth Characteristics Stay Within the Published National Normal Range.
Physical growth characteristics of the infants, born to mothers who received TAF, at the time points on birth and infant age of 24-28 weeks will be compared with the normal range of the national database published in recent years and analyzed. The proportion of infants whose growth characteristics are outside the published national range at the end of the study as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Delivery to Infant age 28 weeks
Group B: Proportion of Infants Born to Mothers Who Received TDF, Whose Physical Growth Characteristics Stay Within the Published National Normal Range.
Physical growth characteristics of the infants, born to mothers who received TDF, at the time points on birth and infant age of 24-28 weeks will be compared with the normal range of the national database published in recent years and analyzed.The proportion of infants whose growth characteristics are outside the published national range at the end of the study as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Delivery to Infant age 28 weeks
Tolerability of TDF vs TAF Therapy: Percentage of Mothers who Discontinue Therapy Due to the Adverse Event(s) During the Study.
Assess the percentage of mothers who discontinue therapy due to the adverse event(s) during the study. The proportion of mothers who discontinue therapy as determined in group A will be compared with that of group B.
Time frame: Gestational week 24-28 until Delivery
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