Anti-Inflammatory Milk Matrix

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign36 enrolled

Overview

Obesity is pro-inflammatory, impairs metabolism, and physically limiting. Specifically, muscle in obese persons does not synthesize proteins normally. This further increases metabolic and physical dysfunction. As such, obesity programs should not only focus on weight loss, but muscle metabolic health. Dairy nutrients have anti-inflammatory and anabolic properties, but mostly evaluated in isolation and/or pre-clinical designs. Also, it is unknown if the circulating benefits extend to the muscle. We hypothesize that dairy full-fat milk will improve these obesity characteristics.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

Conditions

Obesity Skeletal Muscle Inflammation

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 40 YearsMax age: 59 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Obese (BMI, body mass index ≥30, \<40 kg•m-2) * Age 40-59 * Pre-menopausal * Sedentary/insufficiently active for prior 6 months (mo) * Weight stable for prior 6 mo Exclusion Criteria: * Tobacco, nicotine (patch/gum) use (previous 6 mo) * Alcohol consumption \>10 drinks per week * Metabolic disorders (e.g., Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, thyroid diseases) * Cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias * Hypogonadism * Asthma * History of uncontrolled hypertension * Orthopedic injury/surgery (within 1 yr) * Hepatorenal, musculoskeletal, autoimmune, or neurological disease * History of neuromuscular problems * Previous participation in amino acid tracer studies * Predisposition to hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation * Consumption of ergogenic-levels of dietary supplements that may affect muscle mass (e.g., creatine, HMB), insulin-like substances, or anabolic/catabolic pro-hormones (e.g., DHEA) within 6 weeks prior to participation * Consumption of thyroid, androgenic, or other medications known to affect endocrine function * Consumption of medications known to affect protein metabolism (e.g., prescription-strength corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or acne medication) * Pregnancy * Allergy to dairy product or lactose intolerance * Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL * Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dL

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Fractional synthetic rate of myofibrillar proteins by stable isotope infusion.

Refers to rate of building new proteins in skeletal muscle contractile protein fraction. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates will be assessed during stable isotope infusion whereby participants will ingest 2 servings of their respective dairy treatment and the postprandial response is compared between the Arms.

Time frame: 0-5 hours postprandial observation period to ingesting 2 servings of respective Arm.

Blood inflammation markers by flow cytometry.

Measurement of blood cytokines, monocytes, and macrophages by flow cytometry before and after 1-week of 3 daily servings of respective dairy treatment within a controlled-feeding intervention.

Time frame: 1 week observation period to respective Arm within a controlled-feeding intervention.