Chronic pain concernes one in four adults in Belgium. Because of the psychological and social repercussions, a biopsychosocial approach is necessary in order to improve the quality of life chronic pain patients. Non-pharmacological techniques such as hypnosis, self-care learning, music-therapy and psycho-education are gaining more and more interest in the scientific field. However, a major problem in clinical research is patient dropout. To our knowledge, no study has investigated dropout rates in hypnosis clinical research. The aim of this study is, therefore, to better understand the predictors of dropout in several non-pharmacological treatments in chronic pain management.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
228
Self-hypnosis/self-care
Music-therapy/self-care
Self-care
Hospital University of Liège
Liège, Belgium
Amount of drop-out
The amount of drop-out between treatments group will be assessed by means of our database.
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Amount of dropout between treatment groups
The amount of drop-out between treatments group will be assessed by means of our database.
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of therapist's expertise in hypnosis
The influence of the therapist's expertise in hypnosis upon drop-out will be assessed by means of our database.
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Link between state-financial help and drop-out
In Belgium, in certain cases, state will financially help patients to benefit from pain non-pharmacological treatments. We would like to understand if the benefit of state financial help influences the amount of drop-out.
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of motivation
To understand of motivation influenced the amount of drop-out, we analysed the amount of drop-out in the "self-hypnosis/self-care motivation" group.
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of pain description
The influence of pain description upon dropout rates will be assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of sleep difficulties
The influence of sleep difficulties upon dropout rates will be assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scale ranging from 0 (no sleep difficulties) to 10 (worst sleep difficulties).
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Psycho-education
Motivation to learn self-hypnosis/self-care
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of insomnia
The influence of the severity of insomnia upon dropout will be assessed by means of the "Insomnia Severity Index" (Morin et al., 2001). Scale ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of anxiety
The influence of anxiety upon dropout will be assessed by means of the subtest "anxiety" of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond \& Snaith, 1983). Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of depression
The influence of depression upon dropout will be assessed by means of the subtest "anxiety" of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond \& Snaith, 1983). Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of pain disability
The influence of pain disability upon will be assessed by means of the "Pain Disability Index" (PDI, Tait et al., 1990). Scale ranging from 0 (no difficulties) to 10 (a lot of difficulties).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of the impact of pain
The influence of the impact of pain in individual's life, quality of social support and general activity, upon dropout will be assessed my means of the "Multidimensional Pain Index" (MPI, Kerns et al., 1985). Scale ranging from 0 (none) to 6 (a lot).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of attitudes and beliefs about pain
The influence of the attitudes and beliefs about pain upon dropout will be assessed my means of the "Survey of Pain Attitudes" (SOPA, Jensen \& Karoly, 1987). Scale ranging from 0 (totally wrong) to 10 (totally right).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of quality of life
The influence of quality of life upon dropout will be assessed by means of the "SF-36"(Ware et al., 1988). Each item is balanced to obtain a score between 0 (worst quality) to 100 (maximum quality).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)
Influence of locus of control
The influence of the locus of control upon dropoout will be assessd my means og the "Multidimensional Health Locus of Control" (MHLC, Wallston et al., 1978). Scale ranging from 1 (no agreement) to 4 (agreement).
Time frame: T1 (before treatment)