The study is oriented to analyze the effectiveness of a cognitive training method (UMAM) on cognitive functions, subjective memory and mood state in elderly people without dementia. On the other hand, the study aims to examine whether variables such as cognitive reserve (e.g. educational level), APOE genotype and intracranial volume are related to increased benefit after the intervention. The researchers hope to find that greater cognitive reserve, not having the APOE allele ε4, and a greater volume of memory-related brain areas, are associated with better outcomes after the cognitive intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
199
Centro de Prevención del Deterioro Cognitivo
Madrid, Spain
Change in general cognition
The measure of the post-intervention change in general cognition, assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination Test (MMSE) and the 7 Minutes Test (7M).The score ranges from 0 to 30 points (MMSE) and from 0 to 89 points (7M). In both cases, the higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in verbal memory
The measure of the post-intervention change in verbal memory, assessed with the Word List Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. The score ranges from 0 to 48 points. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in logical memory
The measure of the post-intervention change in immediate and delayed logical memory, assessed with the Logical Memory Test (immediate and delayed units) of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. The score ranges from 0 to 75 points (immediate units) and from 0 to 50 (delayed units). Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in visual memory
The measure of the post-intervention change in visual memory, assessed with the Rey memory test (form B). The score ranges from 0 to 22 points. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in daily memory
The measure of the post-intervention change in daily memory, assessed with the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. The score ranges from 0 to 24 points. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in attentional amplitude
The measure of the post-intervention change in attentional amplitude, assessed with the Direct Digit Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. The score ranges from 0 to 16 points. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in attentional control
The measure of the post-intervention change in attentional control, assessed with the Inverse Digit Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. The score ranges from 0 to 14 points. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in attention and processing speed
The measure of the post-intervention change in attention, assessed with the Trail Making Test, form A. The score ranges from 0 to 200 points. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in alternating attention and planning
The measure of the post-intervention change in alternating attention and planning, assessed with the Trail Making Test, form B. The score ranges from 0 to 400 points. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in naming ability (language)
The measure of the post-intervention change in naming ability, assessed with the Boston Naming Test. The score ranges from 0 to 60 points. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in verbal fluency (language)
The measure of the post-intervention change in phonologic and semantic verbal fluency, assessed with the Phonological Verbal Fluency Test and the Semantic Fluency Test respectively. The score goes from zero onwards (there is no upper limit). Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Time frame: This cognitive variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in subjective memory
The measure of the post-intervention change in Subjective Memory, assessed with the Memory Failures of Everyday Questionnaire.The score ranges from 0 to 56 points. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: This variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
Change in mood
The measure of the post-intervention change in mood, assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 15 points. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: This variable was assessed before and after the intervention. The interval between the pre and post-intervention assessment was 6 months.
The Cognitive Reserve as a predictor of change.
The Cognitive Reserve was assessed with Rami Test. The score ranges from 0 to 25 points.
Time frame: Cognitive Reserve was assessed in the pre-intervention assessment.
The Genetic Profile as a predictor of change.
The Genetic Profile was obtained by genetic analysis employing a blood test. APOE gene has been coded as 1 (meaning no ε4 allele), or 0 (for at least one ε4 allele).
Time frame: The Genetic Profile was assessed in the pre-intervention assessment.
The Brain Volume as a predictor of change.
The Brain Volume (total gray volume, left hippocampus, right hippocampus and total intracranial volume) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Unit of measure: mm3.
Time frame: The Brain Volume was assessed in the pre-intervention assessment.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.