Clinical Outcomes of Resective Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis With or Without Implantoplasty

Inclusion criteria: 1. The patient is at least 18 years of age, 2. was initially diagnosed with peri-implantitis at ≥1 implant (peri-implant probing depth (PPD) ≥ 6 mm together with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing (BOP/SoP) and bone loss progression over physiological bone remodeling radiologically assessed or marginal bone loss ≥ 3 mm radiologically assessed in case of absence of baseline radiographs), 3. had received treatment for peri-implantitis at least 1 year ago at the Graduate Clinic of Periodontics at University of Michigan, and 4. documentation from ≥ 1 year of clinical and radiological follow- up is available from U of M patients records. Exclusion criteria: 1. Has received or is currently receiving radiotherapy, 2. are currently pregnant, unsure of their pregnancy status, or are lactating (as reported by the patient), 3. has health condition(s) or takes medication(s) that are known to affect soft tissue or bone (e.g., Phenytoin) 4. Received any kind of bone graft during the treatment of the peri-implantitis