Chronic pain concernes one in four adults in Belgium. Because of the psychological and social repercussions, a biopsychosocial approach is necessary in order to improve the quality of life of people suffering from chronic pain. Non-pharmacological techniques such as hypnosis, self-care learning, music-therapy and psycho-education are gaining more and more interest in the scientific field. Indeed, several studies have shown a reduction in psychological distress and an improvement in global quality of life after having learned self-hypnosis/self-care. Furthermore, other studies focusing on music as a treatment for chronic pain highlight an analgesic effect of music over pain and a reduction of common comorbidities. Nevertheless, only few studies aim at comparing these techniques to each other. The aim of our study would be to compare a 7 months learning program of self-hypnosis/self-care, music-therapy/self-care, motivation to learn self-hypnosis/self-care and self-care alone in order to highlight the most efficient treatment for chronic pain.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
644
Change in pain description
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on pain description will be assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up))
Change in sleep difficulties
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care upon the severity of insomnia will be assessed by means of the "Insomnia Severity Index" (Morin et al., 2001). Scale ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe).
Time frame: T0 (up to 5 month before inclusion), T1 (before the intervention), T2 (up to 8 months)
Change in anxiety
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on anxiety will be assessed by means of the subtest "anxiety" of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond \& Snaith, 1983). Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in depression
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on depression will be assessed by means of the subtest "anxiety" of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond \& Snaith, 1983). Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in pain disability
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on pain disability will be assessed by means of the "Pain Disability Index" (PDI, Tait et al., 1990). Scale ranging from 0 (no difficulties) to 10 (a lot of difficulties).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in attitudes and beliefs about pain
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the attitudes and beliefs about pain will be assessed my means of the "Survey of Pain Attitudes" (SOPA, Jensen \& Karoly, 1987). Scale ranging from 0 (totally wrong) to 10 (totally right).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in quality of life
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the quality of life will be assessed by means of the "SF-36"(Ware et al., 1988). Each item is balanced to obtain a score between 0 (worst quality) to 100 (maximum quality).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in locus of control
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the locus of control will be assessd my means og the "Multidimensional Health Locus of Control" (MHLC, Wallston et al., 1978). Scale ranging from 1 (no agreement) to 4 (agreement).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change of the impact of pain
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the impact of pain in individual's life, quality of social support and general activity, will be assessed my means of the "Multidimensional Pain Index" (PDI, Kerns et al., 1985). Scale ranging from 0 (none) to 6 (a lot).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in generic health
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on generic health will be assessed by the "EuroQol 5 Dimensions" questionnaire (EQ-5D, Health Policy, 1990). Scale ranging from 1 (no problems) to 3 (extreme problems).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in health status
The impact of Self-hypnosis/self-care on global health status will be assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scale ranging from 0 (worst health status) to 100 (best health status).
Time frame: Day 0 (first meeting with the doctor), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
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