This study was an experimental study with repeated measures. Study aims were to examine the effects of pelvic floor muscles training (PFMT) combined with yoga on improving genitourinary/climacteric symptoms, the pelvic floor muscles strength, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Study participants were assigned to the intervention group or comparison group. Data analyses were based on the information obtained from 91 midlife women with a mean age of 56.6 years. Information related o the pelvic floor muscles strength was only obtained from 45 women. Descriptive statistics were used to represent study participants' individual characteristics, genitourinary/climacteric symptoms, the pelvic floor muscles strength, and HRQL. Paired t tests, independent t tests, and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) procedures were used to examine the intervention effects.
This study was an experimental study with repeated measures. Study aims were to examine the effects of PFMT combined with yoga on improving genitourinary/climacteric symptoms, the pelvic floor muscles strength, and HRQL. Study participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or comparison group. All study participants received an educational section (a discussion section and an abbreviated practice section) and related educational materials. The intervention group attended on-site group practice sessions and performed individual home-based practice. The comparison group performed individual home-based practice only. Data analyses were based on the information obtained from a sample of midlife women with a mean age of 56.6 years. Relevant information was mainly collected by a structured questionnaire. Information related to the pelvic floor muscles strength was only obtained from 45 women in the intervention group by using the FemiScan pelvic floor therapy system. Descriptive statistics were used to represent study participants' individual characteristics, genitourinary/climacteric symptoms, the pelvic floor muscles strength, and HRQL. Paired t tests, independent t tests, and GEE procedures were used to examine the intervention effects.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
91
All study participants were instructed to perform PFMT combined with yoga with an expectation of performing a 70-minute practice section 3 days in a week. All study participants received a booklet with menopause-related information, a booklet plus an instructional Digital Video Disc for PFMT and yoga practice.
Genitourinary Symptoms
Self-reporting 11 genitourinary symptoms: We generated three items to measure genital symptoms based on available information (The North American Menopause Society, 2013), and used the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) subscale in the Taiwan Teacher Bladder Survey for measuring LUTS (Liao et al., 2006).
Time frame: Baseline
Genitourinary Symptoms
Self-reporting 11 genitourinary symptoms: We generated three items to measure genital symptoms based on available information (The North American Menopause Society, 2013), and used the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) subscale in the Taiwan Teacher Bladder Survey for measuring LUTS (Liao et al., 2006).
Time frame: 3-month follow-up
Genitourinary Symptoms
Self-reporting 11 genitourinary symptoms: We generated three items to measure genital symptoms based on available information (The North American Menopause Society, 2013), and used the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) subscale in the Taiwan Teacher Bladder Survey for measuring LUTS (Liao et al., 2006).
Time frame: 6-month follow-up
Genitourinary Symptoms
Self-reporting 11 genitourinary symptoms: We generated three items to measure genital symptoms based on available information (The North American Menopause Society, 2013), and used the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) subscale in the Taiwan Teacher Bladder Survey for measuring LUTS (Liao et al., 2006).
Time frame: 9-month follow-up
Genitourinary Symptoms
Self-reporting 11 genitourinary symptoms: We generated three items to measure genital symptoms based on available information (The North American Menopause Society, 2013), and used the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) subscale in the Taiwan Teacher Bladder Survey for measuring LUTS (Liao et al., 2006).
Time frame: 12-month follow-up
Climacteric Symptoms
Self-reporting 21 physical and psychological symptoms: We used the Taiwan-version of the Greene Climacteric Scale for measuring climacteric symptoms (Greene, 2008).
Time frame: Baseline
Climacteric Symptoms
Self-reporting 21 physical and psychological symptoms: We used the Taiwan-version of the Greene Climacteric Scale for measuring climacteric symptoms (Greene, 2008).
Time frame: 3-month follow-up
Climacteric Symptoms
Self-reporting 21 physical and psychological symptoms: We used the Taiwan-version of the Greene Climacteric Scale for measuring climacteric symptoms (Greene, 2008).
Time frame: 6-month follow-up
Climacteric Symptoms
Self-reporting 21 physical and psychological symptoms: We used the Taiwan-version of the Greene Climacteric Scale for measuring climacteric symptoms (Greene, 2008).
Time frame: 9-month follow-up
Climacteric Symptoms
Self-reporting 21 physical and psychological symptoms: We used the Taiwan-version of the Greene Climacteric Scale for measuring climacteric symptoms (Greene, 2008).
Time frame: 12-month follow-up
The Pelvic Floor Muscles Strength
For the intervention group, we obtained the Pelvic Floor Muscles' perianal surface electromyography by using the FemiScan pelvic floor therapy system. Two parameters (activity and peak; µV) resulted from the electromyography were used to represent the Pelvic Floor Muscles strength (Mega Electronics Ltd, 2002-2006).
Time frame: Baseline
The Pelvic Floor Muscles Strength
For the intervention group, we obtained the Pelvic Floor Muscles' perianal surface electromyography by using the FemiScan pelvic floor therapy system. Two parameters (activity and peak; µV) resulted from the electromyography were used to represent the Pelvic Floor Muscles strength (Mega Electronics Ltd, 2002-2006) .
Time frame: 3-month follow-up
The Pelvic Floor Muscles Strength
For the intervention group, we obtained the Pelvic Floor Muscles' perianal surface electromyography by using the FemiScan pelvic floor therapy system. Two parameters (activity and peak; µV) resulted from the electromyography were used to represent the Pelvic Floor Muscles strength (Mega Electronics Ltd, 2002-2006).
Time frame: 6-month follow-up
The Pelvic Floor Muscles Strength
For the intervention group, we obtained the Pelvic Floor Muscles' perianal surface electromyography by using the FemiScan pelvic floor therapy system. Two parameters (activity and peak; µV) resulted from the electromyography were used to represent the Pelvic Floor Muscles strength (Mega Electronics Ltd, 2002-2006).
Time frame: 9-month follow-up
The Pelvic Floor Muscles Strength
For the intervention group, we obtained the Pelvic Floor Muscles' perianal surface electromyography by using the FemiScan pelvic floor therapy system. Two parameters (activity and peak; µV) resulted from the electromyography were used to represent the Pelvic Floor Muscles strength (Mega Electronics Ltd, 2002-2006).
Time frame: 12-month follow-up
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