Ketamine is an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor that not only abolishes peripheral afferent noxious stimulation, but it may also prevent central sensitization of nociceptors as shown in animal studies with excellent analgesic property even in subanesthetic doses. It is readily available and is being used currently, even by non-Anesthesiologists, to provide "sedation" for minor procedures.(.. Low-dose ketamine infusion in the perioperative period has shown to produce analgesia and decrease the requirements of opioid analgesics.. In obstetrics, it is being used as an adjunct to an inadequately functioning spinal anesthesia for caesarean section, as an induction agent for cesarean section and also to provide analgesia during labor in intermittent boluses.
Ketamine is an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor that not only abolishes peripheral afferent noxious stimulation, but it may also prevent central sensitization of nociceptors as shown in animal studies with excellent analgesic property even in subanesthetic doses. It is readily available and is being used currently, even by non-Anesthesiologists, to provide "sedation" for minor procedures.(.. Low-dose ketamine infusion in the perioperative period has shown to produce analgesia and decrease the requirements of opioid analgesics.. In obstetrics, it is being used as an adjunct to an inadequately functioning spinal anesthesia for caesarean section, as an induction agent for cesarean section and also to provide analgesia during labor in intermittent boluses.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
80
Ketamine group: will be administered ketamine in a loading dose of 0.2 mg/kg over 5 min pre incision followed-by an infusion at 0.2 mg/kg/h until the end of surgery.
where normal saline was administered as a loading dose then infused with same rate of another group, throughout the whole surgery.
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Cairo, Egypt
total Amount of Morphine need intraoperative and postoperative
adjusted to keep the HR and mean arterial blood pressure within 20% of the pre induction values. Starting from the induction till the end of the operation.
Time frame: up to 24 hours
duration of surgery
time from start to end
Time frame: UP TO 1 HOURE
postoperative pain score
assessment of patient by VAS sore 0= no pain , 10= sever pain
Time frame: up to 24 hours
Number of Participants with hallucinations
complication
Time frame: up to 24 hours
Number of Participants with sleep disturbances
complication
Time frame: up to 24 hours
Number of Participants with nausea and vomiting
complication
Time frame: up to 24 hour
Number of Participants with sedation
complication
Time frame: up to 24 hour
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