The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of usage of a range of oral products (toothpaste, mouth rinse, denture cleanser) on the oral health of partial denture wearers compared to existing oral hygiene habits.The hypothesis is that there is no treatment difference in the oral health when using the range of products for 12 weeks compared to no intervention.
This study is a single-center, single-blind (to the examiner(s) performing the plaque, gingivitis, denture cleanliness and oral hygiene assessments), randomized, stratified (by denture material type and baseline mean overall modified gingival index \[MGI\] score), two-treatment, parallel group, 12 week clinical study in generally healthy, adult participants with at least one conventional removable partial denture (RPD) and generalized, mild-moderate, plaque-induced gingivitis (as determined by clinical examiner) and greater than or equal to \>=4 natural teeth in each arch that meet all study criteria at both the Screening and Baseline visits (including \>= 30 evaluable surfaces for clinical evaluation of gingivitis and plaque). The study will examine the effects of twice daily use of a range of dental/denture products (comprising use of a dentifrice, a mouthrinse and a denture cleanser) compared to no intervention (participants who continue with their existing oral hygiene habits). There will be four visits to the study site: screening, baseline (when participants are randomized), and after 6- and 12 weeks use of the range of dental/denture products.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
58
Participants will be instructed to dose the toothbrush provided with a strip of dentifrice (a full brush head) on each brushing occasion containing 0.454% w/w Stannous fluoride for 2 minutes twice daily (morning and evening) for 12 weeks.
Participant will clean their denture using 2 pumps of the denture cleansing foam and a denture cleaning brush for 90 timed seconds outside of the mouth twice daily (morning and evening) for 12 weeks.
Participants will take 10 ml of the mouth rinse containing 90 ppm sodium fluoride and swished around the mouth for 1 minute twice daily (morning and evening) for 12 weeks.
GSK Investigational Site
Bristol, United Kingdom
Mean Bleeding Index (BI) at Week 12
The BI assesses the number of bleeding points elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. To perform the assessment, a probe was inserted into the gingival crevice to a depth of approximately 1 millimeter \[mm\] and then run around the tooth (at approximately 60 degrees to the long axis of the tooth) gently stretching the epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. Three scores were recorded bucally/labially (distal, body, mesial sites) and 3 scores lingually/palatally (distal, body, mesial sites). All scorable teeth in 1 quadrant were probed first (approximately 30 seconds) before recording the number of gingival units which bled. The BI scoring included 3-point scale ranged from 0 to 2, where 0=no bleeding, 1=bleeding within 30 seconds of probing, 2=bleeding immediately on probing. Sites with a score of 1 or 2 were classified as 'bleeding' sites. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 12
Mean Number of Bleeding Sites (NBS) at Week 6 and Week 12
Number of gingival bleeding sites were measured during BI assessment. BI assesses the severity and number of bleeding points elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. To perform the assessment, a probe was inserted approximately 1 mm into the gingival sulcus (at approximately 60 degrees) and moved around the tooth, from the distal interproximal area to the mesial interproximal area, gently stretching the gingival epithelium. Sites which showed signs of bleeding immediately on probing or within 30 seconds of probing were classified as a bleeding sites.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) at Week 6 and Week 12
The MGI focuses on the visual symptoms of gingivitis (redness, texture, edema). The MGI was assessed for the facial and lingual/palatal gingiva of all evaluable teeth, four sites per tooth (facial surface - papilla and margin; lingual/palatal surface - papilla and margin). The MGI scoring included 5-point scale ranged from 0 to 4, where 0=Absence of inflammation, 1=Mild inflammation: slight change in color, little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, 2=Mild inflammation: criteria as (1) but involving the entire marginal or papillary gingival unit, 3=Moderate inflammation: glazing, redness, edema, and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, 4=Severe inflammation: marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
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Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean Overall Turesky Plaque Index (TPI) at Week 6 and Week 12
Supra-gingival plaque was assessed on the facial and lingual/palatal surfaces of all scorable teeth, six sites per tooth using TPI which indicated plaque accumulation in the gingival area of the tooth. Each tooth surface was divided into 3 areas; three scores were recorded facially (mesiofacial, facial, distofacial) and three scores lingually (mesiolin-gual, lingual and distolingual) generating a total of six scores per tooth. The plaque was disclosed and scored on a 6-point scale ranged from 0 to 5 where: 0=No plaque, 1=Separate flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2=Thin continuous band of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3=Band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than (\<) 1/3 of the tooth surface, 4=Plaque covering greater than or equal to (\>=) 1/3 but \< 2/3 of the tooth surface, 5=Plaque covering \>= 2/3 of the tooth surface. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean Interproximal TPI at Week 6 and Week 12
Supra-gingival plaque was assessed on the facial and lingual/palatal surfaces of all scorable teeth, six sites per tooth using TPI which indicated plaque accumulation in the gingival area of the tooth. Each tooth surface was divided into 3 areas; three scores were recorded facially (mesiofacial, facial, distofacial) and three scores lingually (mesiolin-gual, lingual and distolingual) generating a total of six scores per tooth. The plaque was disclosed and scored on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 to 5, where 0=No plaque, 1=Separate flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2=Thin continuous band of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3=Band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering \< 1/3 of the tooth surface, 4=Plaque covering \>= 1/3 but \< 2/3 of the tooth surface, 5=Plaque covering \>= 2/3 of the tooth surface. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean BI at Week 6
The BI assesses the number of bleeding points elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. To perform the assessment, a probe was inserted into the gingival crevice to a depth of approximately 1 mm and then run around the tooth (at approximately 60 degrees to the long axis of the tooth) gently stretching the epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. Three scores were recorded bucally/labially (distal, body, mesial sites) and 3 scores lingually/palatally (distal, body, mesial sites). All scorable teeth in 1 quadrant were probed first (approximately 30 seconds) before recording the number of gingival units which bled. The BI scoring included 3-point scale ranged from 0 to 2, where 0=no bleeding, 1=bleeding within 30 seconds of probing, 2=bleeding immediately on probing. Sites with a score of 1 or 2 were classified as 'bleeding' sites. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6
Mean Partial Denture Cleanliness Index (PDCI) at Week 6 and 12
The cleanliness of the partial denture was evaluated based on the modification of the Clinical Categorization of Denture Cleanliness Index. A suitable dental probe was used to gently scrape the surfaces of the RPD and the PDCI was scored. All surfaces of the RPD were assessed and the highest score applicable was recorded. PDCI scoring system included 5-point scale ranged from 0 to 4, where 0=No visible plaque; no matter adherent to the dental probe on light scraping, 1=No visible plaque; matter adherent to the dental probe on light scraping, 2=Deposits of plaque just visible on careful examination without need to confirm by scraping, 3=Deposits of plaque clearly visible, 4=Gross plaque deposits ("velvet appearance"). Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean Calculus Index (CI) at Week 6 and Week 12
The extent of calculus on each tooth surface (buccal and lingual) was determined by visual examination. Only definite deposits of hard calculus were recorded. The CI was assessed on the facial and lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth. The CI for each participant was calculated as the mean score of all tooth surfaces (facial/lingual). CI scoring included 4-point scale ranged from 0 to 3 where: 0=No calculus present, 1=Supragingival calculus covering not greater than (\>) 1/3 of exposed tooth surface, 2=Supragingival calculus covering \> 1/3 but not \> 2/3 of exposed tooth surface or presence of individual flecks of Subgingival calculus around cervical portion of tooth or both, 3= supragingival calculus covering \> 2/3 of exposed tooth surface or a continuous band of Subgingival calculus around cervical portion of tooth or both. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean Oral Debris Index (ODI) at Week 6 and Week 12
The extent of oral debris (defined as soft foreign matter on the surface of teeth) on each tooth surface was determined by running the side of a number 5 explorer (Shephard's crook) probe along the buccal, labial and lingual surfaces and noting the occlusal or incisal extent of the debris as it was removed from the tooth surface. The ODI was assessed on the facial and lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth. The ODI for each participant was calculated as the mean score of all tooth surfaces (facial/lingual).ODI scoring system included 4-point scale ranged from 0 to 3 where: 0=No debris or stain present, 1=Soft debris covering not \> 1/3 of the tooth surface the presence of extrinsic stains without other debris regardless of surface area covered, 2= Soft debris covering more than one third, but not more than two thirds, of the exposed tooth surface, 3=Soft debris covering more than two thirds of the exposed tooth surface. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12
Mean Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) at Week 6 and Week 12
OHI was calculated as sum score of mean CI and mean ODI. CI scoring:0=no calculus present,1=supragingival calculus covering not \>1/3 of exposed tooth surface,2=supragingival calculus covering \>1/3 but not \>2/3 of exposed tooth surface/presence of individual flecks of subgingival calculus around cervical portion of tooth/both,3=supragingival calculus covering \>2/3 of exposed tooth surface/continuous band of subgingival calculus around cervical portion of tooth/both. ODI scoring:0=no debris/stain present,1= supragingival calculus covering not \>1/3 of exposed tooth surface,2=supragingival calculus covering\>1/3 but not \>2/3 of exposed tooth surface/presence of individual flecks of subgingival calculus around cervical portion of tooth/both,3=supragingival calculus covering \>2/3 of exposed tooth surface/continuous band of subgingival calculus around cervical portion of tooth/ both. Thus, total OHI score range was 0 to 6. Higher score indicates worst outcome.
Time frame: Week 6 and Week 12