This study will determine whether acute ingestion of a high fat "Bulletproof Coffee" will lead to changes in plasma triglycerides, immune cell function, as well as cognitive function when compared to a black coffee.
In a randomized crossover design, participants will consume a single bulletproof coffee or a single black coffee separated by \~7 days. Each visit commences in the morning after an overnight fast of 10-12 hours, with no exercise the day prior, no coffee consumption the morning of testing, and completion of a food log for dietary duplication prior to visit 2. A fasting blood draw is obtained and cognitive function tests administered, along with questionnaires to assess gastrointestinal distress, arousal, and hunger/fullness before coffee consumption. Following this, one of the coffee beverages is consumed (randomized to each visit). Cognitive testing and questionnaires are completed at 60 minutes after finishing the coffee, another blood draw at 90 minutes, and then cognitive testing, questionnaires and a final blood draw 180 minutes after consuming the coffee. This procedure is repeated during their second experimental visit, in which they consume the remaining coffee based on their randomization.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
20
A high fat coffee that consists of 29 grams of added fat from grass fed ghee, and MCT oil.
A regular black coffee with no added caloric content.
University of British Columbia, Okanagan.
Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
RECRUITINGPlasma triglycerides
Circulating triglycerides measured in mmol/L
Time frame: Change over 3 hours following beverage consumption
Cognitive function
Measures of cognitive function including Stroop test, digit substitution, and reaction time measured via computerized test battery.
Time frame: Change over 3 hours following beverage consumption
Immune Cell Activation
Assessment of activation markers on monocytes and neutrophils measured as median fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry.
Time frame: Change over 3 hours following beverage consumption
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