A quasi-experimental trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in promoting happiness, perceived stress, sleep quality, experience on meditation, and life satisfaction among institutionalized older adults in Taiwan.
Background: In Taiwan, which has one of the most rapidly aging populations in the world, it is becoming increasingly critical to promote successful aging strategies that are effective, easily usable, and acceptable to institutionalized older adults. Although many practitioners and professionals have explored aromatherapy and identified its positive psychological benefits, the effectiveness of a combination of 3D virtual reality and hands-on aromatherapy remains unknown. Objectives: A quasi-experimental trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in promoting happiness, perceived stress, sleep quality, experience on meditation, and life satisfaction among institutionalized older adults in Taiwan. Methods: Sixty institutionalized elderly participants underwent the combination program or were in a control group. Weekly two-hour sessions were implemented for 9 weeks. The outcome variables were happiness perceived, stress, sleep quality, experience on meditation, and life satisfaction, which were assessed at baseline, and after the intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
48
Participants will receive 8-session 3DVR aroma therapy activities. Each session was delivered over 2 hours once a week, and at each session, the participant received hands-on guidance for preparing an aromatherapy product that they could use for the next seven days.
National Taiwan Normal University
Taipei, Taiwan
Happiness
The Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used to measure happiness. The OHI consists of 29 items, Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale of 1-4, with higher scores indicating a higher level of happiness.
Time frame: nine weeks
Perceived stress
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) consists of 14 items. Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale that ranged from 0 (never) to four (very often). With higher scores indicating a higher level of stress.
Time frame: nine week
Sleep quality
The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was consists of 14 items. Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating a lower level of sleep quality.
Time frame: nine weeks
Experience on meditation
A shortened version of the 10-item Experience on meditation (EOM-EL). Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale of 1-5, with higher scores indicating a higher level of experience on meditation.
Time frame: nine weeks
Life satisfaction
This scale is a short-form version containing 10 items from the 20-item Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA). The response options for scoring were 0 indicating "Disagree" and 1 indicating "Agree". The total raw scores ranged from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of life satisfaction.
Time frame: nine weeks
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