The purpose of this study is to test the safety and effectiveness of individually or simultaneously blocking IL-6 and IL-1 versus standard of care on blood oxygenation and systemic cytokine release syndrome in patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection and acute hypoxic respiratory failure and systemic cytokine release syndrome
There are currently no treatments directed at halting the cytokine storm and acute lung injury to stop the progression from manageable hypoxia to frank respiratory failure and ARDS in patients with COVID-19 infection. Preventing progression from early acute hypoxia and cytokine release syndrome to frank hypoxic respiratory failure and ARDS could have a huge impact on the foreseeable overflow of the ICU units. In ventilated patients, preventing the onset of ARDS, or shortening ICU stay could also be crucial in this regard. The clinical status after 15 days treatment is evaluated to measure the effectiveness of tocilizumab, tocilizumab and anakinra, siltuximab, siltuximab and anakinra and anakinra on restoring lung homeostasis,using single IV injection (siltuximab or tocilizumab) combined or not with daily subcutaneous injections of anakinra until 28 days or hospital discharge, whichever is first. During the treatment period, daily clinical assesments of severity, daily laboratory check-up, measurements of oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry) in relation to FiO2, regular arterial blood gas measurements, regular chest X-rays, chest CT scans on indication will be performed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
342
Usual Care
Anakinra will be given as a daily subcutaneous injection of 100 mg for 28 days or until hospital discharge, whichever is first
Siltuximab will be given via single IV infusion at a dose of 11 mg/kg
AZ Sint-Jan Brugge
Bruges, Belgium
University Hospital Saint-Pierre
Brussels, Belgium
Erasmus University Hospital
Brussels, Belgium
Time to Clinical Improvement
Time to Clinical Improvement is defined as the time from randomization to either an increase of at least two points on a six category ordinal scale from the status at randomization or live discharge from the hospital.The 6-point ordinal scale for clinical improvement is defined as 1 = Death; 2 = Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; 3 = Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4 = Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5 = Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; 6 = Not hospitalized. A higher score represent a better outcome
Time frame: at day 15
Time Untill Discharge
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Time Until Independence From Supplemental Oxygen or Discharge
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Time Until Independence From Invasive Ventilation
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 54 days)
Number of Days in ICU
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Number of Days in ICU in Patients Ventilated at Day of Randomization
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Number of Days Without Supplemental Oxygen Use
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Number of Invasive Ventilator Days
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Number of Invasive Ventilator Days in Patients Ventilated at Day of Randomization
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Tocilizumab will be given via single IV infusion at a dose of 8 mg/kg with a maximum infusion of 800 mg/injection
University Hospital Saint-Luc
Brussels, Belgium
University Hospital Antwerp
Edegem, Belgium
Ziekenhuis Oost-Limurg
Genk, Belgium
AZ Sint-Lucas
Ghent, Belgium
University Hospital Ghent
Ghent, Belgium
Jessa ZH
Hasselt, Belgium
University Hospital Brussels
Jette, Belgium
...and 5 more locations
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Number of Invasive Ventilator-free Days
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Number of Invasive Ventilator-free Days in Patients Ventilated at Day of Randomization
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)
Percentage of Days in ICU
Number of days the participants were ventilated, relative to the number of days participants were alive during the first 28 days after randomization. This was calculated as the number of days with need for invasive ventilation / number of days alive during first 28 days, multiplied by 100 (to obtain a percentage).
Time frame: first 28 days after randomization
Percentage of Invasive Ventilator Days
Number of days the participant spent in the ICU, relative to the number of days the patient was alive during the first 28 days after randomization. This was calculated as the number of days in ICU during first 28 days / number of days alive during first 28 days, multiplied by 100 (to obtain a percentage).
Time frame: the first 28 days after randomization
Time Until First Use of High-flow Oxygen Device, Ventilation, or Death
Time frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days)