The objective of this study is to examine how infant egg consumption (age of introduction and frequency of intake) influences physical growth, obesity, cardio-metabolic health, risk of food allergy, and cognition development in mid-childhood and adolescence.
The investigators will use existing data from two US longitudinal birth cohorts that tracked mother-child dyads from pregnancy to adolescence: 1) Project Viva (1999-present) that enrolled 2,341 pregnancies and followed 2,128 children at delivery, 6 months, then yearly from 1 year to 15 years of child age, and 2) the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II, 2005-2007) that enrolled 3,033 pregnancies with surveys in late pregnancy, neonatal (1 month), then monthly from 2 months (N=2,552) to 12 months of infant age, and at 6 years. For Aim 1, the investigators will classify infants based on their age of egg introduction: never, \<2 months, 2-3 months, 4-5 months, 6-8 months, 9-11 months, and 12 months. The investigators will compare physical growth, obesity, cardio-metabolic health, food allergy, and cognition test scores in mid-childhood and adolescence. The investigators will fit multi-variable linear or logistic regression models with fractional polynomial functions of the infant age of egg introduction. Both linear (e.g., earlier introduction, a higher probability of the outcome) and non-linear (e.g., threshold effect) associations will be tested. For Aim 2, The investigators will classify infants based on their frequency of egg intake: never, \<once/week, once/week, 2-4 times/week, nearly daily or daily, and 2 times/day. The investigators will use similar analytic methods mentioned above to compare their later outcomes. Finally, the investigators will create an average probability of multiple child outcomes to balance across different aspects of child health and development. The investigators will identify the lowest-risk infant egg consumption when the corresponding average predicted probability of the related adverse outcomes is the lowest.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
5,374
Division of Behavioral Medicine Department of Pediatrics Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York, United States
Weight
Research staff measured children's weight in Project Viva.
Time frame: At 6 months (infancy)
Weight
Research staff measured children's weight in Project Viva.
Time frame: 3 years (early childhood)
Weight
Research staff measured children's weight in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years (mid-childhood)
Weight
Research staff measured children's weight in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years (early teen)
Weight
Research staff measured children's weight in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years (mid-teen)
Weight
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant weight in survey.
Time frame: 3 months
Weight
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant weight survey.
Time frame: 5 months
Weight
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant weight in survey.
Time frame: 7 months
Weight
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant weight in survey.
Time frame: 12 months
Weight
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant weight in survey.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: 6 years
Height
Research staff measured children's height in Project Viva.
Time frame: 6 months
Height
Research staff measured children's height in Project Viva.
Time frame: 3 years
Height
Research staff measured children's height in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Height
Research staff measured children's height in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years
Height
Research staff measured children's height in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years
Height
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant height in survey.
Time frame: 3 months
Height
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant height in survey.
Time frame: 5 months
Height
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant height in survey.
Time frame: 7 months
Height
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant height in survey.
Time frame: 12 months
Height
In IFPS II, mothers reported infant height in survey.
Time frame: 6 years
Waist Circumference
Research staff measured children's waist circumference in Project Viva.
Time frame: 6 months
Waist Circumference
Research staff measured children's waist circumference in Project Viva.
Time frame: 3 years
Waist Circumference
Research staff measured children's waist circumference in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Waist Circumference
Research staff measured children's waist circumference in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years
Waist Circumference
Research staff measured children's waist circumference in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years
Skinfold thickness
Research staff measured children's skinfold thickness in Project Viva.
Time frame: 3 years
Skinfold thickness
Research staff measured children's skinfold thickness in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Skinfold thickness
Research staff measured children's skinfold thickness in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years
Skinfold thickness
Research staff measured children's skinfold thickness in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years
Fat mass
Research staff measured children's fat mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Fat mass
Research staff measured children's fat mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years
Fat mass
Research staff measured children's fat mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years
Lean mass
Research staff measured children's lean mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Lean mass
Research staff measured children's lean mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years
Lean mass
Research staff measured children's lean mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years
Trunk fat mass
Research staff measured children's trunk fat mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Trunk fat mass
Research staff measured children's trunk fat mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years
Trunk fat mass
Research staff measured children's trunk fat mass in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years
Systolic blood pressure
Research staff measured children's systolic blood pressure in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years (mid-childhood)
Systolic blood pressure
Research staff measured children's systolic blood pressure in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years (early teen)
Systolic blood pressure
Research staff measured children's systolic blood pressure in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years (mid-teen)
Diastolic blood pressure
Research staff measured children's diastolic blood pressure in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Diastolic blood pressure
Research staff measured children's diastolic blood pressure in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years (early teen)
Diastolic blood pressure
Research staff measured children's diastolic blood pressure in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years (mid-teen)
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 2 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 3 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 4 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 5 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 6 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 7 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 8 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 9 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 10 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 11 years
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 12-13 years (early teen)
Diagnosis of food allergy
Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva.
Time frame: 14-15 years (mid-teen)
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 2 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 3 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 4 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 5 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 6 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 7 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 8 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 9 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 10 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 11 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 12 months
Diagnosis of food allergy
In the IFPS-II mothers reported the child's food allergy.
Time frame: 6 years
Intelligence (PPVT-III test)
In Project Viva, trained research staff administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3rd edition (PPVT-III, a test of receptive language) at 3 years of age.
Time frame: 3 years
Intelligence (KBIT-II test)
In Project Viva, trained research staff administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2nd edition (KBIT-II, verbal and non-verbal intelligence) at 7 years of age.
Time frame: 7 years
Visual-motor (WRAVMA)
Research staff measured children's visual-motor in Project Viva. For the visual-motor domain, research staff administered the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) at the 3-years visit.
Time frame: 3 years
Visual-motor (WRAVMA)
Research staff measured children's visual-motor in Project Viva. At the 7-years visit, staff administered the WRAVMA visual motor (drawing) subtest only.
Time frame: 7 years
Memory-learning
Research staff measured children's memory-learning in Project Viva. For the memory-learning domain, staff administered the design memory and picture memory subsets of Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML) at the 7-years visit.
Time frame: 7 years