Monocentric trial to evaluate differences in musculoskeletal and cognitive stress of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) vs. conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS). Demographic and personal data are collected and pseudonymized as well as video recordings are performed during surgery. Simultaneously, surface electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG), motion tracking data are collected. Additionally, saliva cortisol, perceived discomfort and mental load will be assessed within certain time intervals. The surgeon is not disturbed in his activity and movement by the equipment. Afterwards, the surgeon will be interviewed in a 15-minute standardized interview about the surgery process and the subjective stress sensitivity. Only routine interventions will be recorded, in case of unforeseen complications, the recording will be stopped immediately
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
5
differences in musculoskeletal and cognitive stress
University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Women's Health
Tübingen, Germany
Median muscular load of the bilateral trapezius pars descendens muscle surface electromyography.
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the 50th percentile the normalized RMS will be calculated \[percent MVE\]
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Static muscular load of the bilateral trapezius pars descendens muscle
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the 10th percentile of the normalized RMS \[percent MVE\] will be calculated.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
sustained muscular activity of the bilateral trapezius pars descendens muscle
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the number of episodes (≥ 8min) of the normalized RMS above 0.5percent MVE \[n\] will be calculated.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Muscular rest time of the bilateral trapezius pars descendens muscle
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the frequency \[n\] and relative duration \[percent\] of the normalized RMS lower than 0.5percent MVE will be calculated.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Median muscular load of the bilateral extensor digitorum and flexor carpi radials muscles
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the 50th percentile the normalized RMS will be calculated \[percent MVE\]
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Static muscular load of the bilateral extensor digitorum and flexor carpi radials muscles
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the 10th percentile of the normalized RMS \[percentMVE\] will be calculated.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
sustained muscular activity of the bilateral extensor digitorum and flexor carpi radials muscles
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the number of episodes (≥ 8min) of the normalized RMS above 0.5percent MVE \[n\] will be calculated.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Muscular rest time of the bilateral extensor digitorum and flexor carpi radials muscles
Muscle activity will be recorded using bipolar surface electromyography and is defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) of electrical muscle activity. Muscle activity will be normalized to an isometric voluntary maximum electrical activation (MVE) and the frequency \[n\] and relative duration \[percent\] of the normalized RMS lower than 0.5percent MVE will be calculated.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Shoulder abduction angle [degree]
Shoulder abduction angle will be assessed by the difference of two gravimetric position sensors placed on the upper back and the lateral side of the upper arm.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
trunk flexion angle [degree]
Trunk flexion angle will be assessed by the difference of two gravimetric position sensors placed on the upper and lower back.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
head flexion angle [degreee]
Head flexion angle will be assessed by the difference of two gravimetric position sensors placed on the upper back and the forehead.
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Frequency of perceived physical discomfort [n]
Subjects will be asked in 20-min intervals throughout the surgery whether they feel any discomfort \[yes or no\]
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Intensity of perceived physical discomfort [0-10; 0 = nothing at all, 10 = extremely high
Subjects will be asked in 20 -min intervals throughout the surgery about their level of perceived physical discomfort using a numeric rating scale \[0 to 10\].
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Subjective mental demand [0 - 21; 0 = very low, 21 = very high]
Subjective mental demands will be assessed by the mental demand subscale of the NASA TLX questionnaire
Time frame: 75 Minutes
heart rate [beats per minute]
Heart rate will be recorded by a one channel electrocardiogram
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Heart rate variability as the Standard Deviation of NN intervals [ms]
Heart rate will be recorded by a one channel electrocardiogram and the standard Deviation of the NN interval will be calculated
Time frame: 75 Minutes
Heart rate variability as the Root Mean Squers of Successive Differences [ms]
Heart rate will be recorded by a one channel electrocardiogram and the root mean square of the successive differences will be calculated
Time frame: 75 Minutes
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