This study will describe and explore the recovery process of patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the covid-19 pandemic. This will include mortality, morbidity, health-related quality of life, event-specific distress and depression.
The overall aim of this study is to describe and explore the recovery process of patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the covid-19 pandemic. This will include mortality, morbidity, health-related quality of life, event-specific distress and depression. All adult patients having cardiac surgery during the pandemic at St Bartholomew's Hospital will be approached to join this study. As of the end of March this is this is approximately 20 operations a week. Questionnaires will be administered at five time points alongside a review of clinical notes. Appropriate descriptive and summative statistics will be used to analyse outcomes. If sample size is adequate, possible associations/effect of the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on each of the recovery parameters included in the study will be determined. The differences in outcomes between those with and without covid-19 may also be analysed if the sample size is adequate. Bias and loss to follow-up in observational cohort studies has been considered.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
253
Cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
St Bartholomew's Hospital
London, United Kingdom
Change in Impact of Events scores
The revised Impact of Events revised version (IES-R) questionnaire (Weiss and Marmar, 1997) is widely used as a measure of event-specific distress and measures distress experienced by serious life changes/events. It has been commonly used to assess persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is an 22 item self-report scale where is item is reported on a five point likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely) with respect to how distressing each item has been during the past week. Scale scores are formed for the three subscales, which reflect intrusion (8 items: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 16, 20), avoidance (8 items: 5,7,8,11,12,13,17,22), and hyperarousal (6 items: 4,10,15.18.19.21). A cut-off of 26 and above has been suggested for a clinically significant reaction to a psychological trauma, although the IES alone does not diagnose PTSD or reflect a person's ability to function. Metric for summarising data: t-test
Time frame: Baseline, 1 week after discharge, 6 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery, 6 months (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery, 1 year (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery
Survival
Death or survival after cardiac surgery
Time frame: Up to 1 year post surgery
Morbidity
patient completion of a log sheet documenting all 'visits' (including calls to NHS 111, face-to-face or virtual visits) to the emergency department, hospital admissions and visits to the general practitioner on a standardised proforma for the duration of the study
Time frame: Up to 1 year post surgery
Change in Health-related quality of life scores
Health-related quality of life will be measured using the EQ5D-5L questionnaire. The EQ5D is a standardised, simple generic measure of health well, which is received by patients (Kim et al., 2005). It consists of five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with five levels of health response and a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0-100 (0 being the worst possible health imaginable and 100 being the best possible health imaginable). Metric for summarising data: t-test
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Time frame: Baseline, 1 week after discharge, 6 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery, 6 months (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery, 1 year (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery
Change in Depression scores
Depression will be measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D is a 20-item self-report adult instrument designed to measure common symptoms of depression that have occurred over the past week, such as poor appetite, hopelessness, pessimism, and fatigue. All questions are answered on a scale of 0-3, with 0 indicating no symptom presence and with 3 representing symptoms "most or all of the time." CES-D scores range from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. A score of 16 or higher identifies subjects with clinically meaningful depression. Metric for summarising data: t-test
Time frame: Baseline, 1 week after discharge, 6 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery, 6 months (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery, 1 year (+/- 2 weeks) post surgery