During SARS-Cov2 infection with serious respiratory implication and high systemic inflammation level, intravenous ANAKINRA alone or associated with RUXOLITINIB for severe cases might reduce inappropriate systemic inflammatory response, improve breathing and decrease occurrence or duration of ARDS and associated mortality.
Two physiopathological phases exist during COVID-19 disease: The early phase is mainly induced by the virus itself. It is imperative not to decrease the immune host response during this phase by prohibiting the use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids at this stage and developing an anti-viral strategy. The late phase, around Day 7-9, depends only upon host response and is linked to an excessive inflammatory response with a major increase of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, MCP-1, GCSF indicative of IL-1b excess, as well as IP-10, MIP-1, indicative of IFNg signature, corresponding to a "cytokine storm". Clinical and biological features during Still's disease (complicated in 10% of cases with hemophagocytosic lymphohistiocytosis inducing cytopenia, hepatic insufficiency, major hyperferritinemia and multi-organ failure) are close to those reported during COVID-19 and underline physiopathological similarities. Anakinra (KINERET) is an IL-1 pathway (IL-1ra) specific inhibitor that has been used for 15 years, also largely blocking IL-18 production. Adult Still's disease is very effectively treated with anakinra. During sepsis with hyperferritinemia, IL-1ra demonstrated patient survival improvement. Ruxolitinib (JAKAVI) inhibits the downstream IFNg pathway targeting JAK kinase receptor. It has recently proved its efficiency in hemophagocytosic lymphohistiocytosis refractory forms associated with a multi-organ failure.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
2
Anakinra 300 mg 1/d Intravenous 5 days then dose tapering
Anakinra 300 mg od Intravenous (maximum14 days) Ruxolitinib 5 mg bid per os (maximum 28 days)
Routine clinical care for Covid-19
AP-HM, Hôpital de la Conception
Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France
Hôpital Sainte-Musse
Toulon, VAR, France
Sainte Anne Teaching Military Hospital
Toulon, Var, France
Biological criteria
At least 3 parameters are met including CRP and/or Ferritin among: 1. CRP: decrease \> 50% 2. Ferritinemia: decrease \> 1/3 3. Serum creatinine: decrease \> 1/3 4. AST/ALT: decrease \> 50% 5. Eosinophils \> 50 /mm3 6. Lymphocytes \> 1000 /mm3
Time frame: 7 days from enrolment
Duration of oxygen therapy (days)
Number of days without mechanical ventilation
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment
Number of intensive care units admissions
Number of patients included in stage 2b
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment
Number of days in intensive care units
Number of days in intensive care units for patients managed in intensive care units
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment
Mortality rate
Mortality rate
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment
Total number of days in hospital
Total number of days in hospital
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment
Organ failure score modification (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score)
Organ failure score modification (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score); Sofa score's minimum and maximum values are 0 and 24, the lowest score corresponds to a better outcome.
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment
Number of bacterial and/or fungal sepsis
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Number of bacterial and/or fungal sepsis
Time frame: 28 days from enrolment