Characterizing Subjective and Physiological Responses to Stress and Pain and Cognitive Learning and Executive Function

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Between ages 18-50 years; 2. Able to read and write English; 3. 50 individuals meeting DSM V criteria for Binge Heavy drinkers, using NIAAA criteria for alcohol intake 50 individuals meeting DSM V criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder 50 individuals meeting DSM V criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder 50 Individuals with Moderate to Severe Pain 50 individuals meeting DSM V criteria for Opioid Use Disorder who are initiating treatment 4. Physically healthy as determined by Physical Exam, EKG and blood analyses 5. Body Mass Index (BMI) in the 18-30 range; Exclusion Criteria: 1. Any psychotic disorder or current psychiatric symptoms requiring specific attention, including active symptoms of psychosis or suicidal/homicidal ideation. 2. Any Current Substance Use Disorder including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics. For alcohol, cannabis, and opioid subjects, exclusion for the abused drug will not apply. 3. Individuals taking any prescription medications or over-the counter medications regularly; 4. Women with irregular menstrual cycles or who are nursing, dysmennorheic, amenorrheic, menopausal, or had premenstrual dysphoric disorder or those on birth control pills; 5. Women who are pregnant as determined by the urine pregnancy test at each laboratory admission; 6. Inability to give informed consent; 7. Traumatic brain injury or loss of consciousness; 8. Individuals with current or past history of seizure disorders