Immunological Characteristics of a Population at Risk of Cholera After Oral Cholera Vaccine (CHOVAXIM)

Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia225 enrolled

Overview

The purpose of the study is to find out if individuals who received first and second dose of Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in Lukanga Swamps, Central Province of Zambia have developed protection against future attacks to cholera. The investigators also want to investigate whether vitamin A deficiency and being HIV positive increases the chances of suffering from cholera.

Cholera is caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 and is characterised by sudden onset of acute watery diarrhoea that can lead to severe dehydration and ultimately death if not treated. Zambia, has continued to experience cholera outbreaks in several parts of the country. In order to curb the disease outbreaks, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended introducing cholera vaccination as a supplementary cholera control measure together with other prevention and control strategies, in endemic areas as well as in other places at risk for cholera outbreaks. OCV has recently been introduced to Zambia where a large population was vaccinated with 1 dose of Shanchol®, and about 6 months later over 70% individuals traced to receive a second dose. Considering the annual outbreaks of cholera in Zambia, there is urgent need to determine whether Shanchol® is able to elicit a sufficient and specific immunological response in individuals who received OCV in Zambia. This study will also help the investigator understand whether there are immune response differences based on genetics and may indicate whether some people may need more vaccine regimens than others. Objective 1: To profile cholera specific antibody status of a population at risk of cholera before and after receiving 1st and 2nd dose of shanchol ® oral cholera vaccine (OCV) Objective 2: To profile and characterize cholera specific B and T lymphocyte phenotypes among the immunized Zambians Objective 3: Develop and evaluate a non-invasive proxy measure of OCV immune responses Objective 4: To measure the protective value of immunizing HIV-infected individuals through measurement of the neutralization capabilities OCV generated antibodies Objective 5: To assess the impact of ABO blood groups on cholera antibody generation

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

225

Conditions

Diarrhea Infectious

Interventions

OCV VaccineBIOLOGICAL

2 doses of OCV were administered to all enrolled participants 1st dose administered at baseline and second dose administered 28 days post 1st dose.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 65 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants aged 18-65 years are eligible to participate. * Participant is a resident of the study area. Residence was defined as individuals living in the study area for the past 1 year. * Written consent provided by participant. Exclusion Criteria: * Participant aged less than 18 years * Refuses to consent to participate * Pregnancy * Participant has acute medical illness prior to receipt of oral cholera vaccine -Participant has a history of hospitalization for cholera in the past one week

Locations (1)

Waya clinic

Kabwe, Central Province, Zambia

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Vibriocidal

The primary aim of this project is to determine changes in the vibriocidal geometric mean titers at 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months (GMT) in participants who receive the second dose of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) at 28 days .

Time frame: 4 years

Secondary Outcomes

Vibriocidal

Vibriocidal Antibody Response Rates in HIV infected individuals

Time frame: 4 years

Vibriocidal

Detection of vibriocidal antibodies in saliva and compare to serum at 1 year post OCV vaccination

Time frame: 1 year

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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