This study will assess the safety and tolerability of Candesartan when used in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in addition to their medication treatment.
Pharmacological options for the treatment of Bipolar disorder (BD) are limited and a large proportion of patients does not show adequate response to treatment, especially in the case of bipolar depression. It has been hypothesized that dysfunctions in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be involved in the pathophysiology of BD. We propose a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, proof-of-concept trial to investigate the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist capable to cross the blood-brain barrier, as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of bipolar depression. Bipolar patients on a depressive episode will be randomly assigned to undergo two consecutive 4-week treatment periods with either candesartan (4 mg daily) or placebo in a crossover study. At the beginning of each treatment period, participants will complete a resting-state functional MRI scan, to be performed 1.5 hours after the first dose of the study medication. Subjects will be followed weekly and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) will be adopted as the primary outcome measure. Response will be defined as a decrease equal or higher than 50% in the MADRS score from the time of study entry to the 4th week of each treatment period. Possible associations between changes in brain connectivity (measured through resting state functional MRI) and subsequent response to treatment will also be analyzed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Candesartan 4 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for 4 weeks
Candesartan placebo-matching tablets, orally, once daily for 4 weeks
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, Texas, United States
Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores at the end of each treatment period.
MADRS scores range from 0-60; higher scores indicate a higher level of severity of depressive symptoms. Response will be defined as a decrease equal or higher than 50% in the total MADRS score between the baseline and the 4th week of each treatment period.
Time frame: Four weeks
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores at the end of each treatment period.
HAM-A scores range from 0-56, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety
Time frame: Four weeks
Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S) scores at the end of each treatment period.
The CGI-S is a 7-point scale used to rate the severity of the patient's illness at the time of assessment, compared to the clinician's past experience regarding patients with similar diagnosis
Time frame: Four weeks
Functional Assessment Screening Tool scores at the end of each treatment period.
The Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST) identifies factors that may influence problem behaviors. It is a self-report checklist that contains 16 items, with each questions being marked as either "yes", "no", or "not applicable". The checklist is designed to identify whether maladaptive behavior is maintained in four domains: attention/preferred items, escape from tasks/activities, sensory stimulation, pain attenuation.
Time frame: Four weeks
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at the end of each treatment period
The YMRS is one of the most frequently utilized rating scales to assess manic symptoms. The scale has 11 items, based on the patient's subjective report and observations made during the clinical interview. Higher scores indicate a greater severity of manic symptoms. Given the cyclic nature of BD, the YMRS will be utilized to monitor patients as for the possibility of a manic switch over each four-week treatment period.
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Time frame: Four weeks