Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) after non-cardiac surgery (NCS), i.e. the elevation of postoperative troponin, occurs in nearly 20% of patients older than 45 years undergoing NCS and is independently and strongly associated with post-operative mortality (30-day mortality up to 10%). With over 300 million surgical interventions every year worldwide, PMI has a high clinical relevance on the health of the population. Heart rate (HR) is an independent and modifiable risk factor for PMI and death after non-cardiac surgery. Numerous studies showed that beta-blockers decrease myocardial ischemia after surgery in a heart-rate dependent manner, but this beneficial effect is surpassed by an increased incidence of perioperative hypotension and death. Currently, no single intervention is available to decrease the risk of perioperative cardiac complications. Ivabradine (IVA) is a negative chronotropic agent without significant effects on contractility or vascular tone and has been shown to improve outcomes in the setting of chronic and acute heart diseases. Rationale for pilot feasibility trial: the planned definitive large trial is a multicenter trial to investigate the efficacy of ivabradine to decrease perioperative myocardial injury. The intervention planned is complex and demands important resources. The investigators designed this pilot study to inform on the feasibility of the definitive large trial. This pilot study will also provide additional information that could help investigators improve the definitive large trial regarding recruitment, refinements to the study protocol and improving the participant's experience.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
78
Ivabradine pills will be crushed and encapsulated for adequate dosing (0, 2.5mg, 5mg or 7.5 mg) and blinding.
Mannitol will be encapsulated for adequate blinding.
Geneva University Hospitals
Geneva, Switzerland
Appropriate dosage rate
Number of correct dosages administered according to the patient's heart rate at each study visit divided by the total dosages administrated
Time frame: From the morning (6-9 am) of the day of surgery of the first study participant to the evening of the second post-operative day of the last study participant (up to 1 year from first randomization).
Blinding success rate
Number of times blinding code was broken divided by the total dosages administrated
Time frame: From the morning (6-9 am) of the day of surgery of the first study participant to the evening of the second post-operative day of the last study participant (up to 1 year from first randomization).
Recruitment rate
Total number of eligible participants approached, the number recruited and randomised divided by the number of months that the trial recruited for
Time frame: Up to one year from the date participant screening begins.
Participant satisfaction regarding information about the study, informed consent, recruitment procedures and study participation
Qualitative research methods (shadowing and semi-structured interviews)
Time frame: Screening, morning of the day surgery pre-operatively and post-operative days 1, 2 and 3.
Perioperative myocardial injury
Variance of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (ng/L)
Time frame: Day of surgery pre-operatively (between 6-9 am) and post-operatively (between 6-9 pm or within 1h after surgery if surgery ends after 9pm) and morning (between 6-9 am) of post-operative days 1, 2, 3 and day of hospital discharge.
Heart rate
Variance of resting heart rate
Time frame: Day of surgery pre-operatively (between 6-9 am) and post-operatively (between 6-9 pm or within 1h after surgery if surgery ends after 9pm) and morning (between 6-9 am) of post-operative days 1, 2, 3 and day of hospital discharge.
Ivabradine dosage
Variance
Time frame: Day of surgery pre-operatively (between 6-9 am) and morning (between 6-9 am) of post-operative days 1 and 2.
Quality of Recovery
Variance of Quality of Recovery assessed with Quality of Recovery-15 scale (range from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating a better outcome)
Time frame: Morning (between 6-9 am) of post-operative days 1, 3 and at day of hospital discharge.
Difficulty in following study protocol and administrating study drug
4-point Likert scale (Study personnel will be asked "The decision to administer the study drug according to the patient's heart rate was straightforward". Answers range from Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree to Strongly disagree)
Time frame: Morning (between 6 and 9 am) and evening (between 6 and 9 pm) of day of sugery and post-operative days 1 and 2.
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