The Effect of Training on Hemodynamic Factors in Ballet Dancer

Marmara University28 enrolled

Overview

Classic ballet dance is a demonstration of complex motor skills to be revealed in aesthetic combinations and repetitively, and it demands intensive use of the lower extremities within extreme of range of motion (ROM). Because ballet practice depends on advanced technical skills, it involves intensive physical training and causes an overload on the musculoskeletal system and foot deformities such as pes planus. Plantar venous pump (PVP) is a network of multiple venous vessels located between the muscles of the foot arch. PVP is considered the first step of venous return and discharges into the posterior tibial vein (PTV). PVP is reported to be active during gait while it is inactive in resting position. There are different views on the mechanisms enabling its activation 1-3. The general view is that during the stance phase of the gait, the flattening of the plantar arch with weight transfer causes the veins in this region to narrow and creates a force that pumps the blood up. The aim of this study is the investigation what kind of hemodynamic changes ballet training causes in the lower extremity

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

Conditions

Venous Insufficiency Foot Drop (Acquired)

Interventions

Measurement of venous return parameters in standingOTHER

In standing, venous return parameters was measured of posterior tibial vein when participants shift all of their weight to the right leg for 3 second with their leg muscles as relaxed as possible and their knee joint in full extension.

Eligibility

Sex: FEMALEMin age: 14 YearsMax age: 19 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria (for balerinas): * receiving ballet training at least 10 h per week for at least 4 years * receiving formal dancing training system Inclusion Criteria (for non-dancer group) * never receiving formal dancing training * having sedentary lifestyle Exclusion Criteria: * Participants with a history of foot or ankle surgery, * Participants with connective tissue disease, * Participants with rigid pes planus-cavus, * Participants with chronic venous insufficiency * Participants with acute ankle injury in recent 3 months

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Evaluation of navicular drop

Navicular drop was measured in mm

Time frame: Cchange from baseline navicular height in pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention/

Evaluation of diameter of tibialis posterior vein in supine

Diameter of tibialis posterior vein was measured in mm

Time frame: Change from baseline diameter of tibialis posterior vein during intervention

Evaluation of flow velocity of tibialis posterior vein in supine

Flow velocity of tibialis posterior vein was measured in cm/s

Time frame: Change from baseline flow velocity of tibialis posterior vein during intervention

Evaluation of volume flow of tibialis posterior vein in supine

Volume flow of tibialis posterior vein was measured in ml/min

Time frame: Change from baseline volume flow of tibialis posterior vein during intervention

Evaluation of diameter of tibialis posterior vein during weight bearing

Diameter of tibialis posterior vein was measured in mm

Time frame: Change from baseline diameter of tibialis posterior during intervention

Evaluation of flow velocity of tibialis posterior vein during weight bearing

Flow velocity of tibialis posterior vein was measured in cm/s

Time frame: Change from baseline flow velocity of tibialis posterior vein during intervention

Evaluation of volume flow of tibialis posterior vein during weight bearing

Volume flow of tibialis posterior vein was measured in ml/min

Time frame: Change from baseline volume flow of tibialis posterior vein during intervention

Evaluation of midfoot plantar pressure during weight bearing

Midfoot plantar pressure was measured in gr/cm2

Time frame: Change from baseline midfoot pressure during intervention