Effectiveness of Compressive Bandage Use in Seroma Prevention

Overview

INTRODUCTION: Seroma is the most common complication after surgical treatment for breast cancer. It is the abnormal accumulation of serous fluid that develops under skin flaps and may be associated with necrosis, dehiscence, sepsis, and shoulder dysfunction. The therapeutic bandage has been inserted in clinical practice because it is similar to the elasticity of the skin and is able to help the circulatory and lymphatic system, reduce pain and local swelling, and may have benefits for prevention and treatment of seroma when applied compressively. . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of compressive bandage in preventing seroma. METHODOLOGY: Randomized study of women over 18 years who underwent mastectomy at HCIII / INCA. Eligible patients will be allocated to the intervention and control groups by lot (270 envelopes, 135 patients per group). The intervention group, in addition to the use of the drain, will be submitted to the compression bandage on the day of hospital discharge and will be reevaluated on the seventh day. The control group will follow the institutional routine, using only the drain. The incidence and volume of the seroma, as well as the length of stay of the drain will be evaluated after 30 days through the medical record. Symptoms and skin changes resulting from the use of the bandage will be evaluated through a specific form. ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis will be by measures of central tendency, dispersion and frequency distribution. Outcome assessment will be performed by odds ratio (for categorical variables) and by mean difference (Student's t-test), considering a 95% confidence interval. To control the confounding variables, multiple logistic regression (categorical outcome) and multiple linear regression (continuous outcome) will be performed by the Stepwise Forward method, including variables with p \<0.20.

This is a randomized clinical trial with women undergoing surgical treatment for breast cancer at Cancer Hospital III / INCA. All patients undergoing mastectomy will be evaluated for eligibility criteria after the first dressing in the hospital, those considered eligible will be informed about the study and no obligation to participate through free and informed consent. Upon acceptance, patients will be randomized to the intervention or control group, which will be performed by lot at the time the patient enters the study. 27 blocks will be available containing 10 envelopes where 05 will contain a code that allocates the patients in group A and 05 in group B. This choice was chosen to avoid influences of the therapist or patient's preference over the intervention. The patients will be oriented in relation to the group they are inserted and what monitoring will be performed while the patient is under the care of the dressing. All evaluations, intervention and data collection will be performed by trained professionals qualified for this purpose. Group A: intervention group with preventive application of compressive bandage in addition to the suction drain (routine adopted in the institution). Patients allocated to this group on the day of the first dressing, before hospital discharge, according to the institutional routine, are instructed by the nursing staff to wash the plastron region with cold, boiled filtered water and to return within one week at the outpatient clinic. The bandage will be applied on the day of discharge after the first dressing, withdrawal and new bandage applied on the fourth day and definitive removal on the seventh day when it will be scheduled for return in nursing care. Should any complications occur due to the use of the bandage, the patients will be advised to remove the material at home and will be suspended from the research protocol. At the end of the seven days, the patients will be reevaluated. Prior to the application of the bandage will be made the antisepsis of the skin and placement of the transparent and sterile film dressing over the region of the scar points to protect the scar. The 5 cm wide Vitaltape® neuromuscular bandage will be used with maximum stretching over the plastron region and finished with two ends of two to three centimeters without stretching. As many bundles of bandages as necessary will be applied according to the patient's body characteristics. All applications will be performed by the same physical therapist. Group B: control group. The patient will follow the institution's routine only with the suction drain. All patients will be instructed to do the same care with the suction drain according to the institutional routine.