Malnutrition in Chronic Gastrointestinal Diseases, Cross-sectional Study

University Medicine Greifswald345 enrolled

Overview

Malnutrition and muscle wasting are common consequences of life-threatening, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Such diseases include liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis and short bowel syndrome. Malnutrition and muscle wasting increase the risk of complications, reduce the life expectancy and impair the quality of life. The development of malnutrition and muscle wasting is different, as is the diagnosis and nutritional treatment. There are also different mechanisms of origin for the underlying diseases. The aim of the study is to compare data related to nutrition and physical condition of patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis and short bowel syndrome. Malnutrition and muscle wasting within the specific diseases will be characterized and possible correlations will be identified. For this, malnourished and non-malnourished patients of the different diseases are compared with controls patients with non-specific complaints of the gastrointestinal tract as well as with healthy study participants. Data on food intake, physical activity, body composition and body measurements as well as muscle strength and muscle function are recorded. Blood values as well as transport and barrier properties of the intestine will also be examined.

Malnutrition and sarcopenia are consequences of life-threatening gastroenterological diseases such as liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis and short bowel syndrome and are associated with a poorer clinical outcome and a reduced quality of life. The diagnostic criteria of both conditions differ, as do the consequences for adequate nutritional therapy. Nevertheless, malnutrition and sarcopenia are often discussed in confusion in the literature. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of malnutrition and sarcopenia can differ in the various diseases. The aim of the study is to compare nutrition-associated parameters from patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis and short bowel syndrome, to characterize the disease-specific phenotype of malnutrition and sarcopenia of the examined diseases and to obtain information on mechanistic relationships. The pathophysiological understanding of the clinical settings as well as the development of malnutrition and sarcopenia is important for choosing specific nutritional therapies. For this, malnourished and non-malnourished patients of each examined disease are compared with controls from patients with non-specific, abdominal symptoms and healthy control subjects. Data on food intake, physical activity, body composition and anthropometry as well as muscle strength and muscle function are recorded. Clinical and chemical blood parameters, the plasma metabolome as well as transport and barrier proteins of the intestine are also examined.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: Liver Cirrhosis: * based on clinical and imaging criteria (sonography or computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) without evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma * Child-Pugh Stadium A-C Chronic Pancreatitis: * based on imaging criteria (endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)) * large and small duct disease * with or without exocrine insufficiency * with or without endocrine insufficiency * patients after left pancreatic resection or pancreaticojejunostomy or duodenal pancreatic head resection Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS): \- based on clinical anamnestic criteria and state after bowel resection followed by primary or secondary oral autonomy (intestinal failure) Control Patients: * patients without known underlying gastroenterological disease with an indication for esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy for symptom clarification * negative Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002 \< 3) * gastroscopy without clinically relevant result (mild gastritis aspect, small axial hernia, typical glandular cysts, typical brunneromas can be included) * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1 Exclusion Criteria: General Exclusion Criteria: * parenteral nutrition in the previous 6 months * pacemaker or implanted defibrillator * pregnancy or lactation * lack of ability to answer the questionnaires * taking certain medications during the previous 4 weeks (protein pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists, except medication on demand or ≤ 4 weeks continuously, antibiotics, narcotics, non-opioid analgesics except medication on demand (≤ 1 day/week), anticholinergics, antidepressants, motility drugs (metoclopramide, motilium, bromocriptine, prucalopride), thyroid drugs except stable thyroid hormone substitution with euthyroid metabolism, steroids, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory biologics) Subsequent Exclusion of Control Patients: * if, contrary to expectations, malnutrition is diagnosed in spite of an inconspicuous NRS-2002 within the framework of the study * as well as in the case of relevant, conspicuous esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy findings Specific Exclusion Criteria: Liver Cirrhosis: * steatohepatitis according to clinical or laboratory parameters * acute alcoholic hepatitis according to clinical and imaging parameters (sonography, CT, MRI) * existing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) * known hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) * state after liver transplantation Chronic Pancreatitis: * acute pancreatitis * extrapancreatic infection * coexisting liver cirrhosis based on clinical and imaging parameters * state after surgery with alteration of food flow (partial or total pancreaticoduodenectomy) * known pancreatic carcinoma or state after therapy of pancreatic carcinoma (surgery or chemotherapy or radiation) Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS): * acute phase of intestinal insufficiency (less than 28 days after resection) * intravenous substitution of macronutrients (water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids or lipids (intestinal insufficiency) * intramuscular substitution of micronutrients is allowed (e.g. vitamin B12) * uncontrolled underlying disease leading to SBS (e.g. active Crohn's disease) Control Patients: * major underlying and concomitant diseases * food allergies Healthy controls: * tumor diseases in the past 5 years * medically diagnosed, serious chronic diseases or changes in the gastrointestinal tract that may affect the absorption of nutrients (e.g. celiac disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria, relevant bowel resections including short bowel syndrome) * rheumatic diseases requiring permanent drug therapy (rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia) * chronic use of anti-inflammatory or pain-relieving drugs or use of anti-inflammatory or pain-relieving drugs for more than 3 days in the last 3 weeks * average daily alcohol consumption \> 20 g in women and \> 30 g in men * diagnosed severe liver disease requiring medical attention and drug therapy (liver cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) / alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), hepatitides) * acute or chronic pancreatitis * acute and chronic renal failure * myocardial infarction or cerebral insult within 6 months prior to examination * coronary artery disease/pAVK (peripheral artery disease (PAD)) * heart failure with stages 3 and 4 according to NYHA (New York Heart Association) classification * severe chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) * history of significant neurological or psychiatric diseases (including epilepsy, bipolar disorders, dementia and neuromuscular diseases) * presence of pareses including mono- and diparesis * rare congenital metabolic diseases (cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria) * expected altered body composition (extreme sports activity \< 2h/day), edema, amputation of the extremities (arm and/or leg) * highly atypical or restrictive dietary choices/concepts followed voluntarily (macrobiotics, paleo-diet, Atkins diet, Mayo diet, instinctive diets) or due to food intolerances/allergies * simultaneous participation in other studies associated with drug use and potentially having a significant impact on body composition or dietary behaviour

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Sarcopenia

Descriptive and inferential determination of the prevalence of sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria (EWGSOP2 criteria) in malnourished and non malnourished patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis or short bowel syndrome - as a total group and separated by type of disease

Time frame: Baseline

Quantitative Food Intake

Determination of quantitative food intake assessed by the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults Food Frequency Questionnaire (DEGS-FFQ) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Qualitative Food Intake

Determination of qualitative food intake assessed by the Study of Health in Pomerania Food Frequency Questionnaire (SHIP-FFQ) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Physical Activity

Determination of physical activity assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Body Weight

Determination of body weight measured in kilograms in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Height

Determination of height measured in meters in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Body Mass Index

Determination of body mass index in kg/m\^2 (calculated from the values obtained for body weight and height) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Waist Circumference

Determination of waist circumference measured in centimeters in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Hip Circumference

Determination of hip circumference measured in centimeters in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Waist-to-Hip Ratio

Determination of waist-to-hip ratio (calculated from the values obtained for waist and hip circumference) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Upper Arm Circumference

Determination of upper arm circumference measured in centimeters in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Triceps Skinfold Thickness

Determination of triceps skinfold thickness measured in millimeters in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Fat Free Mass

Determination of fat free mass measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Skeletal Muscle Mass

Determination of skeletal muscle mass measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Fat Mass

Determination of fat mass measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Total Body Water

Determination of total body water measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Extracellular Water

Determination of extracellular water measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Phase Angle

Determination of phase angle measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Muscle Strength

Determination of muscle strength measured by a handgrip strength dynamometer in comparison with non malnourished and non-sarcopenia patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Hemoglobin

Determination of hemoglobin level in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Hematocrit

Determination of hematocrit level in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Mean Corpuscular Volume

Determination of mean corpuscular volume in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

Determination of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Reticulocyte Count

Determination of reticulocyte count in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Sodium

Determination of plasma concentration of sodium in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Potassium

Determination of plasma concentration of potassium in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Calcium

Determination of plasma concentration of calcium in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Magnesium

Determination of plasma concentration of magnesium in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Phosphate

Determination of plasma concentration of phosphate in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Aspartate Transaminase

Determination of plasma concentration of aspartate transferase in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Alanine Aminotransferase

Determination of plasma concentration of alanine aminotransferase in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Determination of plasma concentration of gamma-glutamyl transferase in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Alkaline Phosphatase

Determination of plasma concentration of alkaline phosphatase in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Bilirubin

Determination of plasma concentration of bilirubin in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

C-reactive Protein

Determination of plasma concentration of C-reactive protein in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Interleukin-1 Beta

Determination of serum concentration of interleukin-1 beta in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Interleukin-6

Determination of plasma concentration of interleukin-6 in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Determination of serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Albumin

Determination of plasma concentration of albumin in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Creatinine

Determination of plasma concentration of creatinine in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Urea

Determination of plasma concentration of urea in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Uric Acid

Determination of plasma concentration of uric acid in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Glucose

Determination of plasma concentration of glucose in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Glycated hemoglobin

Determination of plasma concentration of glycated hemoglobin in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Insulin

Determination of plasma concentration of insulin in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Total Cholesterol

Determination of plasma concentration of total cholesterol in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Determination of plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Determination of plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Triglycerides

Determination of plasma concentration of triglycerides in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Non-essential Fatty Acids

Determination of plasma concentration of non-essential fatty acids in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Zinc

Determination of serum concentration of zinc in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Iron

Determination of plasma concentration of iron in comparison to control patients and in comparison to healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Plasma Metabolome

In a participants subgroup, investigations of the plasma metabolome in comparison with control patients and in comparison with healthy control subjects

Time frame: Baseline

Intestinal Barrier Function

Determination of the intestinal barrier function in a patient subgroup in comparison to control patients (using proximal small intestinal biopsies, qRT-PCR (Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) of different intestinal barrier markers)

Time frame: Baseline

Expression of Intestinal Ion Transporters

Determination of the expression of intestinal ion transporters in a patient subgroup in comparison to control patients (using proximal small intestinal biopsies, qRT-PCR (Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) of different intestinal transport markers)

Time frame: Baseline

Secondary Outcomes

Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Score

Correlative, factorial or other presentation of the results including statistical-mathematical argumentation of the usefulness of a combined malnutrition-sarcopenia score (MaSa score) for practical application.

Time frame: Baseline

Validity of the Study of Health in Pomerania Food Frequency Questionnaire

Determination of the validity of the Study of Health in Pomerania Food Frequency Questionnaire (SHIP-FFQ) by assessment of percent agreement with the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults Food Frequency Questionnaire (DEGS-FFQ)

Time frame: Baseline

Factor Analysis of Phenotypes of Sarcopenia and Malnutrition

Determination of parameters characterizing phenotypes of sarcopenia and malnutrition in the investigated gastroenterological disease (liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, short bowel syndrome) by factor analysis

Time frame: Baseline

Malnutrition in Chronic Gastrointestinal Diseases, Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (3)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes