Study of Roxadustat Conversion in Participants Receiving Stable ESA or as Initial Anemia Treatment in Hemodialysis Participants

Key Inclusion Criteria: * Receiving chronic dialysis for end stage renal disease (ESRD) * Vascular access must be a functioning native arteriovenous fistula or graft with adequate flow in the opinion of the investigator, or permanent tunnelled catheter * Screening Hb criteria: Participants converting from an ESA: between 9.0 to 12.0 grams (g)/deciliter (dL); Participants initiating anemia treatment: \< 10.0 g/dL * Ferritin ≥ 50 nanograms (ng)/mililiter (mL), Transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≥ 10% at screening * Participant's alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are ≤ 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin (TBL) is ≤ 1.5 x ULN at screening and prior to initiating roxadustat treatment. * Body weight between 45.0 to 160.0 kg Key Exclusion Criteria: * Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion within 4 weeks prior to enrollment * Known history of myelodysplastic syndrome or multiple myeloma * Known hereditary hematologic disease or other known causes for anemia other than chronic kidney disease (CKD) * Known chronic inflammatory disease that is determined by the investigator to be the primary cause of anemia * Active or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding * Treated with iron-chelating agents within 4 weeks prior to enrollment * History of New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure * History of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, seizure, or a thrombotic/thromboembolic event (excluding vascular dialysis access stenosis/thrombosis) within 12 weeks prior to enrollment * Uncontrolled hypertension, in the opinion of the Investigator * Participant has a diagnosis or suspicion (for example, complex kidney cyst of Bosniak Category II or higher) of renal cell carcinoma (Principal Investigator's discretion) * History of malignancy, except for cancers determined to be cured or in remission for ≥ 2 years, curatively resected basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers, cervical cancer in situ, or resected colonic polyps