A three-period, randomized, crossover controlled feeding trial will be conducted to examine the effect of including 2 oz./day of pecans, as a snack, in a diet representative of average American intake, compared to a diet representative of average American intake devoid of nuts, and a healthy dietary pattern including 2 oz./day of pecans on markers of peripheral vascular health, lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, and glycemic control.
Participants will be randomized to each diet for 4-weeks with a minimum 2-week break between the diet periods. All caloric foods and beverages will be provided. Outcome assessments will be done at baseline and the end of each diet period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Unsalted raw pecans incorporated in snack and meal recipes as part of a dietary pattern
Diet mimicking usual American intake
Flow mediated dilation
Measured by brachial ultrasound and expressed as percent artery dilation
Time frame: 4 weeks
LDL-cholesterol concentration
Assessed from fasting blood draw expressed in mg/dL
Time frame: 4 weeks
HDL-cholesterol concentrations
Assessed from fasting blood draw expressed in mg/dL
Time frame: 4 weeks
Triglycerides
Assessed from fasting blood draw expressed in mg/dL
Time frame: 4 weeks
LDL lipoprotein subclasses
Assessed from fasting blood draw expressed in nmol/L
Time frame: 4 weeks
HDL lipoprotein subclasses
Assessed from fasting blood draw expressed in umol/L
Time frame: 4 weeks
Peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Blood pressure measured assessed using a SphymoCor Ecel (Atcor Medical)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Central systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Blood pressure measured assessed using a SphymoCor Ecel (Atcor Medical).
Time frame: 4 weeks
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity
A measure of arterial stiffness assessed using a SphymoCor Ecel (Atcor Medical). Expressed in meters/second.
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Time frame: 4 weeks
Augmentation Index
A measure of arterial stiffness assessed using a SphymoCor Ecel (Atcor Medical). Expressed as a percentage. A higher percentage value is indicative of greater arterial stiffness.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Fasting plasma glucose concentration
Fasting blood glucose assessed by blood draw and expressed in mg/dL
Time frame: 4 weeks
Serum insulin concentration
Fasting serum insulin levels assessed by blood draw and expressed in micro IU/mL
Time frame: 4 weeks