Resection surgery of brain tumors by craniotomy requires efficient brain relaxation intraoperatively in order to avoid injuries caused by the brain retractors (such as ischemic-reperfusion and cerebral oedema). The gold standard for the brain relaxation during a surgery is Mannitol 20%. Molar sodium lactate is now used to induce brain relaxation in patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension due to its osmotic effect. Furthermore, the injection of sodium lactate may lead to better neuronal metabolism during cerebral aggression, and may participate to the reduction of cerebral oedema and secondary injuries. LSD is a pilot randomised trial which tries to assess the interest of intravenous administration of molar Sodium Lactate on the quality of brain relaxation in surgical resection of supratentorial brain tumors by craniotomy. The primary outcome measure is the quality of brain relaxation, evaluated by neurosurgeon at the opening of the dura, by a validated brain relaxation scale.
It's a prospective, comparative, randomised, double blinded study. It will enroll 50 patients undergoing resection surgery of supratentorial brain tumor. They will be randomly divided in 2 groups of 25 patients each : Mannitol 20% and molar Sodium Lactate. The only difference between the 2 groups is the drug used for brain relaxation at the surgical incision : Mannitol or Sodium lactate. The outcome measures include quality of brain relaxation, need of "rescue" therapy to get an adequate brain relaxation, electrolytes alterations, change in lactate serum level, quantification of post operative brain swelling by MRI, time of extubation, Glasgow Coma Scale, neuropsychological evaluation, blood levels of Protein S100-β, NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase) and GFAP Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein), morbidity and mortality during 30 days after surgery.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
50
Sodium lactate is administered at 2.5mL/kg during the first surgical incision. Neurosurgeon will evaluate the brain relaxation using a validated scale once the dura is open. A stage 1(perfectly relaxed) or 2((acceptably relaxed) is considered satisfactory. Sodium Lactate and Mannitol 20% are used at an equimolar dose
Mannitol 20% is administered intravenously at a dose of 5mL/kg, so 1g/kg, during the first surgical incision. Neurosurgeon will evaluate the brain relaxation using a validated scale once the dura is open. A stage 1(perfectly relaxed) or 2((acceptably relaxed) is considered satisfactory.
CHU de Besançon
Besançon, France
Quality of brain relaxation
An adequate brain relaxation is evaluated by the neurosurgeon with a stage 1 (perfectly relaxed) or 2 (acceptably relaxed) of the brain swelling score validated by Todd et al. The brain swelling score is a four-point-scale: 1 (normal brain; no swelling); 2 (minimal swelling, but acceptable); 3 (serious swelling but no specific change in management required); or 4 (severe brain swelling requiring some intervention). Todd et al. reported a significant Relationship between intracranial pressure and the brain swelling score. The brain swelling score is the consensual tool used in clinical trials to assess the clinical effectiveness of brain relaxative therapy.
Time frame: intraoperative
Necessity for "rescue" therapy
Proportion of patients who needed a "rescue" therapy in order to improve the brain relaxation and to enable the surgery. "Rescue" therapy consists of the administration of an additional dose of Mannitol 20% 0.25g/kg, deepening the anesthesia (BIS between 20 and 40) or the administration of an intravenous dose of Thiopental 5mg/kg.
Time frame: intraoperative
Electrolytes alterations
Variations of natremia (mmol/L), kaliemia (mmol/L), pH and serum osmolarity (mosmol/L) after administration of the osmotherapy.
Time frame: 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 180 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after completion of sodium lactate or mannitol infusion
Changes of lactatemia
Variations of lactatemia (mmol/L) after administration of the osmotherapy
Time frame: 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 180 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after completion of sodium lactate or mannitol infusion
Volume of post operative brain edema
Measurement of the volume of the post operative brain edema by MRI
Time frame: Day 2 after surgery
Glasgow Coma Scale
Assessment of Glasgow coma scale (scale assessing level of conscioussness ranging from 3 = deep unconsciousness to 15 = normal consciousness)
Time frame: preoperative, at day 1 and day 2 postoperative
Extubation
Time between the end of anesthesia and extubation (min)
Time frame: Within 2 hours after the end of surgery
Neurological recovery
Neurological revcovery will be assessed comparing the results of a battery of validated neurocognitive tests performed the day before surgery and at Day 2 after surgery.
Time frame: preoperative and Day 2 after surgery
Protein S100-β
change in blood level of Protein S100-β
Time frame: Prior to sodium lactate or mannitol infusion and at 24 hours and at 48 hours after completion of sodium lactate or mannitol infusion
Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE)
Change in blood level of Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE)
Time frame: Prior to sodium lactate or mannitol infusion and at 24 hours and at 48 hours after completion of sodium lactate or mannitol infusion
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP)
Change in blood level of Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE)
Time frame: Prior to sodium lactate or mannitol infusion and at 24 hours and at 48 hours after completion of sodium lactate or mannitol infusion
Morbidity
Incidence of heart rhythm disorders during the first 48 hours postoperative, intensive care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative complications
Time frame: Within 30 days after surgery
Mortality
Mortality within 30 days after surgery
Time frame: Within 30 days after surgery
Karnofsky performance scale
The Karnofsky performance scale index is an assessment tool for functional impairment. The lower the Karnofsky score, the worst functional impairment, and in most serious illnesses, the worse likelihood of survival. The Karnofsky performance scale ranges from 0 (dead patient) to 100 (normal no complaints, no evidence of disease).
Time frame: preoperative and at day 30 after surgery
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