The aim of this study is to assess the effects of radial shock wave therapy in neck pain. For this objective, subjects recruited will be allocated in an experimental group or a placebo group. Both groups will receive one manual therapy and radial shock waves therapy (real for experimental group, a sham device for placebo group) session per week along one month. Neck pain, neck function, temporomandibular pain, temporomandibular function and quality of life measured will be performed before the intervention, after the last treatment and at one month follow-up.
Neck pain is defined as discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. The multifactorial etiology of neck pain includes trauma, ergonomic factors such as inappropriate postures, repetitive movements, strong physical activity, individual factors such as age, BMI, genetic factors, behavioral factors, and psychosocial factors. The prevalence of cervicalgia ranges from 16.7 to 75.1%, of which 50% will resolve within a short time and the other half will suffer pain for a longer time. There is a higher prevalence in widows and separated, people with few economic resources, jobs that involve physical effort, low educational level, anxiety and depression. Furthermore, there is a high relationship between cervical pain and temporomandibular disorders. From this study, the investigators are going to carry out a non-invasive, analgesic, antiinflammatory treatment and without negative side effects for the patient through radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESWT), and manual therapy (TM). Among the effects produced by shock waves the investigators find that they improve circulation due to increased blood flow and oxygenation, at tissue level the permeability of the membrane increases and its metabolic process, therefore facilitating the activation of tissue regeneration processes experiencing dystrophic changes. Furthermore, shock waves cause anti-inflammatory effects and muscle relaxation. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the capacity of the shock waves to improve the alterations due to neck pain. To meet the above objective, a single-blind randomized clinical trial study has been designed. The selected subjects will be of legal age diagnosed with neck pain and those subjects that due to their own characteristics are not able to carry out the study will be excluded. Subjects will receive a weekly physical therapy session for four weeks. Subjects will be randomly assigned to two groups: T1 intervention group consisting of subjects who will receive manual therapy treatment and shock waves and T2 placebo group in which the subjects will receive manual therapy and placebo shock waves.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
68
2000 shots of extracorporeal radial shock waves therapy on neck muscles at 4bars and 10 Hertzs
25 minute massage to neck muscles
3 minutes of placebo extracorporeal radial shock waves therapy on painful points of neck muscles.
Clinica Fisiomedic
Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
Neck pain intensity
Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess the intensity of the neck pain. The numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-implemented pain intensity perception scale. In this test, all the possibilities are arranged at the same level, with 0 being the absence of pain and 10 being the maximum pain the patient is capable of imagining, organized in an increasing manner from left to right; the patient only has to mark with a cross the answer considered correct.
Time frame: baseline
Neck pain intensity
Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess the intensity of the neck pain. The numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-implemented pain intensity perception scale. In this test, all the possibilities are arranged at the same level, with 0 being the absence of pain and 10 being the maximum pain the patient is capable of imagining, organized in an increasing manner from left to right; the patient only has to mark with a cross the answer considered correct.
Time frame: at one month
Neck pain intensity
Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess the intensity of the neck pain. The numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-implemented pain intensity perception scale. In this test, all the possibilities are arranged at the same level, with 0 being the absence of pain and 10 being the maximum pain the patient is capable of imagining, organized in an increasing manner from left to right; the patient only has to mark with a cross the answer considered correct.
Time frame: at two months
Neck function
Neck Disability Index. The Neck Disability Index is a questionnaire that assesses disability produced by neck pain. It consists of ten questions with six different answers that are ordered from least to most disability, with 0 corresponding to no disability and 5 corresponding to greatest disability. The result is the sum of the answers, ranging from 0 to 50. The categorization of the final result is as follows: "no disability" if the result is between 0 and 4, "moderate disability" between 15 and 24, and "complete disability" between 35 and 50.
Time frame: baseline
Neck function
Neck Disability Index. The Neck Disability Index is a questionnaire that assesses disability produced by neck pain. It consists of ten questions with six different answers that are ordered from least to most disability, with 0 corresponding to no disability and 5 corresponding to greatest disability. The result is the sum of the answers, ranging from 0 to 50. The categorization of the final result is as follows: "no disability" if the result is between 0 and 4, "moderate disability" between 15 and 24, and "complete disability" between 35 and 50
Time frame: at one month
Neck function
Neck Disability Index. The Neck Disability Index is a questionnaire that assesses disability produced by neck pain. It consists of ten questions with six different answers that are ordered from least to most disability, with 0 corresponding to no disability and 5 corresponding to greatest disability. The result is the sum of the answers, ranging from 0 to 50. The categorization of the final result is as follows: "no disability" if the result is between 0 and 4, "moderate disability" between 15 and 24, and "complete disability" between 35 and 50
Time frame: at two months
temporomandibular pain intensity
Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess the intensity of the temporomandibular pain intensity. The numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-implemented pain intensity perception scale. In this test, all the possibilities are arranged at the same level, with 0 being the absence of pain and 10 being the maximum pain the patient is capable of imagining, organized in an increasing manner from left to right; the patient only has to mark with a cross the answer considered correct.
Time frame: baseline
temporomandibular pain intensity
Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess the intensity of the temporomandibular pain intensity. The numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-implemented pain intensity perception scale. In this test, all the possibilities are arranged at the same level, with 0 being the absence of pain and 10 being the maximum pain the patient is capable of imagining, organized in an increasing manner from left to right; the patient only has to mark with a cross the answer considered correct.
Time frame: at one month
temporomandibular pain intensity
Numeric Pain Rating Scale to assess the intensity of the temporomandibular pain intensity. The numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-implemented pain intensity perception scale. In this test, all the possibilities are arranged at the same level, with 0 being the absence of pain and 10 being the maximum pain the patient is capable of imagining, organized in an increasing manner from left to right; the patient only has to mark with a cross the answer considered correct.
Time frame: at two months
Temporomandibular joint function
using Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Its structure consists of 10 questions with a three-point scale (0=no, 5= sometimes and 10= yes), with the overall score of the test ranging from 0 to 100. The FAI evaluates the presence or absence of symptoms caused by TMDs and their severity (mild, moderate and severe).
Time frame: baseline
Temporomandibular joint function
using Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Its structure consists of 10 questions with a three-point scale (0=no, 5= sometimes and 10= yes), with the overall score of the test ranging from 0 to 100. The FAI evaluates the presence or absence of symptoms caused by TMDs and their severity (mild, moderate and severe).
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Time frame: at one month
Temporomandibular joint function
using Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Its structure consists of 10 questions with a three-point scale (0=no, 5= sometimes and 10= yes), with the overall score of the test ranging from 0 to 100. The FAI evaluates the presence or absence of symptoms caused by TMDs and their severity (mild, moderate and severe).
Time frame: at two months
Health Related Quality of life
12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12): is a simple and quick questionnaire compared to its predecessor, the SF-36 that is self-administered and evaluates general quality of life from physical and emotional points of view. It consists of 12 questions that are presented with a variable number of answers. The final result of the test is obtained in a more exact way by means of a statistical processing instrument that provides the value of the physical and mental summary scores with values between 0 and 100.
Time frame: baseline
Health Related Quality of life
12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12): is a simple and quick questionnaire compared to its predecessor, the SF-36 that is self-administered and evaluates general quality of life from physical and emotional points of view. It consists of 12 questions that are presented with a variable number of answers. The final result of the test is obtained in a more exact way by means of a statistical processing instrument that provides the value of the physical and mental summary scores with values between 0 and 100.
Time frame: at one month
Health Related Quality of life
12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12): is a simple and quick questionnaire compared to its predecessor, the SF-36 that is self-administered and evaluates general quality of life from physical and emotional points of view. It consists of 12 questions that are presented with a variable number of answers. The final result of the test is obtained in a more exact way by means of a statistical processing instrument that provides the value of the physical and mental summary scores with values between 0 and 100.
Time frame: at two months
Headache impact in quality of life.
The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a self-administered headache questionnaire that consists of six questions with five possible answers. The possible outcomes are "never", "rarely", "sometimes", "very often" and "always". The numerical result is the sum of the answers.
Time frame: baseline
Headache impact in quality of life
The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a self-administered headache questionnaire that consists of six questions with five possible answers. The possible outcomes are "never", "rarely", "sometimes", "very often" and "always". The numerical result is the sum of the answers.
Time frame: at one month
Headache impact in quality of life
The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a self-administered headache questionnaire that consists of six questions with five possible answers. The possible outcomes are "never", "rarely", "sometimes", "very often" and "always". The numerical result is the sum of the answers.
Time frame: at two months
Dizziness
Dizziness measured with Dizziness Handicap Inventory: is a self-implemented scale that identifies vertigo or lack of balance. The instrument consists of 25 questions that can be answered as yes, no or sometimes. This questionnaire identifies functional, physical and emotional problems related to balance disorders. Each dimension corresponds to different questions distributed randomly throughout the test. The functionality questions correspond to items 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 14, 16, 19 and 24, the emotional questions correspond to items 2, 9, 10, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 23, and the questions on the physical dimension correspond to items 1, 4, 8, 11, 13, 17 and 25.
Time frame: baseline
Dizziness
Dizziness measured with Dizziness Handicap Inventory: is a self-implemented scale that identifies vertigo or lack of balance. The instrument consists of 25 questions that can be answered as yes, no or sometimes. This questionnaire identifies functional, physical and emotional problems related to balance disorders. Each dimension corresponds to different questions distributed randomly throughout the test. The functionality questions correspond to items 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 14, 16, 19 and 24, the emotional questions correspond to items 2, 9, 10, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 23, and the questions on the physical dimension correspond to items 1, 4, 8, 11, 13, 17 and 25.
Time frame: at one month
Dizziness
Dizziness measured with Dizziness Handicap Inventory: is a self-implemented scale that identifies vertigo or lack of balance. The instrument consists of 25 questions that can be answered as yes, no or sometimes. This questionnaire identifies functional, physical and emotional problems related to balance disorders. Each dimension corresponds to different questions distributed randomly throughout the test. The functionality questions correspond to items 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 14, 16, 19 and 24, the emotional questions correspond to items 2, 9, 10, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 23, and the questions on the physical dimension correspond to items 1, 4, 8, 11, 13, 17 and 25.
Time frame: at two months