Psychological Impact, Mental Health and Sleep Disorder Among Patients Hospitalized and Health Care Workers During the 2019 Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19)

Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)

The IES-R is a 22-item self-report measure that assesses subjective distress caused by traumatic events.Items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"). The IES-R yields a total score (ranging from 0 to 88) and subscale scores can also be calculated for the Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal subscales.

Time frame: 15 minutes

Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)

Self-administered patient questionnaire used as a screening tool and severity measure for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).The GAD-7 score is calculated by assigning scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, to the response categories of 'not at all', 'several days', 'more than half the days', and 'nearly every day', respectively, and adding together the scores for the seven questions. Scores of 5, 10, and 15 are taken as the cut-off points for mild, moderate and severe anxiety, respectively. When used as a screening tool, further evaluation is recommended when the score is 10 or greater.

Time frame: 15 minutes

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day). It has been validated for use in primary care. It is not a screening tool for depression but it is used to monitor the severity of depression and response to treatment.

Time frame: 15 minutes

Insomnia severity index (ISI)

The ISI is a 7-item self-report questionnaire assessing the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia.The dimensions evaluated are: severity of sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and early morning awakening problems, sleep dissatisfaction, interference of sleep difficulties with daytime functioning, noticeability of sleep problems by others, and distress caused by the sleep difficulties. A 5-point Likert scale is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28. The total score is interpreted as follows: absence of insomnia (0-7); sub-threshold insomnia (8-14); moderate insomnia (15-21); and severe insomnia (22-28).

Time frame: 15 minutes