Extinction Learning in Adults With Tourette Syndrome

Johns Hopkins University10 enrolled

Overview

Aversive sensory phenomena such as premonitory urges play a central role in the behavioral treatment model of tics. Extinction learning and extinction recall are learning processes implicated within this model, but are still understudied for individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). This study examines extinction learning and extinction recall in adults with TS using an experimental task. This study will also explore the relationship between extinction processes (i.e., extinction learning and extinction recall) and treatment outcomes with behavior therapy. Findings from this investigation will be used to update the behavioral treatment model, which serves as the basis for evidence-based behavioral interventions.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Tourette Syndrome Habit Reversal Training Tic Disorders Tics

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 75 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * At least 18 years old, * Have moderate tic severity or greater as evidenced by a YGTSS Total Tic Score greater than 13 (\>9 for youth with motor or vocal tics only) * Have not received more than 4 previous sessions of HRT * Be fluent in English * Medication free or on a stable dose of psychiatric medication for 8 weeks prior to enrollment. Exclusion Criteria: * An inability to complete rating scales * An inability to attend study visits

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Tic severity as assessed by the Hopkins Motor and Vocal Tic Scale (HM/VTS)

Patient will nominate up to five motor and five vocal tics they deem bothersome on the HM/VTS. Each bothersome tic is then rated by a clinician on the composite two (vocal and motor) 5-point HM/VTS scale ranging from none (0) to severe (4) for the motor as well as vocal tics. The individual tic scores are summed (minimum of 0 and maximum of 40) and averaged together to create an average tic severity score.

Time frame: Within 1 week after completion of HRT

Secondary Outcomes

Tic severity as assessed by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Revised (YGTSS)

The YGTSS is a clinician-rated semi-structured interview that measures tic symptom severity over the previous week. It consists of 10-items that assess different dimensions of tic severity for motor and vocal tics, which are rated on a 0-5 scale. The YGTSS produces a Total Tic Score (range: 0-50), with higher ratings indicating greater tic severity. The YGTSS has demonstrated treatment sensitivity to pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions.