Impact of Spectacles on Compliance to Mask-wearing Directives

Democritus University of Thrace1,214 enrolled

Overview

Primary objective of this study is to identify the compliance of Greek people in mask-wearing directive and explore potential associations with refractive errors, spectacles and contact lenses use.

Present study aims to identify whether Greek people have complied with mask-wearing directive and to investigate the correlation of outcomes with visual acuity - refractive errors, spectacles and contact lenses use. For the purposes of this research, a questionnaire of 20 items including the following sub scales have been developed: a) near vision, b) distance vision, c) ocular discomfort, d) driving, e) limitations, need for help, work collaboration, and emotional impact

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

1,214

Conditions

Covid19

Interventions

Questionnaire completionBEHAVIORAL

Participants are contacted through social networks (Facebook) which provide a link to website that contains the questionnaire. Then, they complete the questionnaire which consists of the following 2 parts: 1. participant's demographic characteristics with questions regarding age, visual acuity - refractive error, spectacles and contact lenses use, and compliance to mask-wearing directives. 2. 20 items that construct 5 subscales: a) near vision (5 items), b) distance vision (3 items), c) ocular discomfort (3 items), d) driving (2 items), e) limitations (3 items), need for help (2 items), work collaboration (1 item), and emotional impact (1 item). The impact of spectacles on the compliance of Greek people to mask-wearing directives will be assessed via this questionnaire.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 85 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \>18 years old * Adequate literacy of Greek language * Permanent residence in Greece Exclusion Criteria: * Poor knowledge of Greek language

Locations (1)

University Hospital of Alexandroupolis

Alexandroupoli, Evros, Greece

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Demographic characteristics

1. Gender 2. Age 3. Use of spectacles (a. no use, b. for distance, c. for near, d. for distance and near) 4. Use of contact lenses (a. no use, b. rarely, c. frequently, d. almost always) 5. Belonging to a vulnerable group (1. No, 2. Yes, 3. I don't know) 6. Binocular Distance Best Spectacle-Corrected Visual Acuity (if it is known) (1. I don't know, 2. \<1/10, 3. 1-3/10, 4. 4-6/10, 5. 7-8/10, 6. 9-10/10)

Time frame: last 3 months

Compliance to mask-wearing directives

Compliance to mask-wearing directives 1. Yes, always 2. Yes, almost always 3. Sometimes 4. No, almost never 5. No, never

Time frame: last 3 months

Questionnaire subscale: Near vision

Difficulty in near vision activities (reading a printed document in the workplace or in daily life, reading a document on computer in the workplace or in daily life, reading a message on mobile phone) when using a face mask 1. No difficulty 2. Little difficulty 3. Some difficulty 4. Great difficulty 5. I have stopped this activity because of my vision and the use of face mask 6. I need to remove my face mask

Time frame: last 3 months

Questionnaire subscale: Distance vision

Difficulty in distance vision activities (recognizing people on the opposite sidewalk, reading road and shop signs, crossing roads) when using a face mask 1. No difficulty 2. Little difficulty 3. Some difficulty 4. Great difficulty 5. I have stopped this activity because of my vision and the use of face mask 6. I need to remove my face mask

Time frame: last 3 months

Questionnaire subscale: Ocular discomfort

Ocular discomfort (tearing sensation, stinging sensation, general discomfort) when using a face mask 5-point Likert scale (1 = I absolutely agree / 5 = I absolutely disagree)

Time frame: last 3 months

Questionnaire subscale: Driving

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Secondary Outcomes

Assessment of the relationship between the compliance to mask-wearing directives and the use of spectacles

Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if the compliance to mask-wearing directives is related to the use of spectacles

Time frame: immediately after the completion of data collection

Assessment of the relationship between the compliance to mask-wearing directives and the other demographic characteristics

Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if the compliance to mask-wearing directives is related to the other demographic characteristics

Time frame: immediately after the completion of data collection

Assessment of the relationship between the compliance to mask-wearing directives and the questionnaire items

Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if the compliance to mask-wearing directives is related to the 20 questionnaire items and the corresponding subscales (outcome measures 3-10)

Time frame: immediately after the completion of data collection

Assessment of the relationship between demographic characteristics and the 20 questionnaire items

Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if demographic characteristics are related to the 20 items of the questionnaire and to the corresponding subscales (outcome measures 3-10)

Time frame: immediately after the completion of data collection