Investigators will test the health effects of eating a dairy-based protein-rich breakfast or isocaloric breakfast and performing regular physical exercise training for 12 weeks in young overweight women (2 x 2 factorial design). Measurements of body composition, physical fitness, metabolic health parameters, faeces and urine metabolites, and food diary will be collected.
The study is a 2×2-factorial randomized controlled trial with 4 study arms. One-hundred (100) subjects will be randomly allocated to eat breakfast consisting of high-protein yoghurt (300g/day) with oats or an isocaloric breakfast consisting of bread, jam and juice matched for fat and fiber content and to either exercise 3x per week or maintain habitual physical activity for 12 weeks. Measurements and biological sampling will be performed at baseline, half way (some parameters only) and at the end of the intervention period. The primary outcome will be fat mass and fat free mass determined by DXA. The investigators will also measure effects on weight, waist, health-related blood parameters, muscle function, physical activity, habitual food intake and metabolites in faeces, urine and blood.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
61
Low protein yoghurt containing approx. 2 g protein per 100 g. Participants will be asked to consume \~60 g bread, 20 g jam and 250 ml juice for breakfast.
High protein yoghurt containing approx. 10 g protein per 100 g. Participants will be asked to consume 300 g (=3 dl) yoghurt with 40 g oats for breakfast.
Participants will be asked to participate in organized exercise training 3 times per week.
Aarhus University, Department for Public Health, Section for Sport Science
Aarhus, Denmark
Change in Fat mass in grams
Measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in Fat free mass in grams
Measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in Lean body mass in grams
Measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in Height (cm)
by stadiometer
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in weight (kg)
Tanita Scale
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in BMI (m^2/kg)
Measured by height in meters and weight in kg
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in Waist circumference (cm)
by tape
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in HbA1c
by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol)
by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol)
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by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in triacylglycerol (TG)
by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in total cholesterol
by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in glucose
by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in insulin
by fasting blood sample
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in glucose tolerance (area under the curve)
measured by a two hour oral glucose tolerance test
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in glucose peak
measured by a two hour oral glucose tolerance test
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in fitness (estimated VO2-max)
Measured by Åstrand two-step bike test
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in maximal hand grip strength
Measured by hand held dynamometer
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in maximal arm strength
Measured by costummade dynamometer
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in maximal jump height
Measured by squat jump with linear encoder
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
by standard blood pressure apparatus
Time frame: 12 weeks