A Study Looking at the Effectiveness and Safety of a COVID-19 Vaccine in South African Adults

Novavax4,422 enrolled

Overview

This is a study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine called SARS-CoV-2 rS with Matrix-M1 adjuvant in a minimum of approximately 2,960 to a maximum of approximately 4,164 healthy HIV-negative (HIV-) adult participants and in approximately 240 medically stable HIV-positive (HIV+) adult participants in up to 15 sites across South Africa. A vaccine causes the body to have an immune response that may help prevent the infection or reduce the severity of symptoms. An adjuvant is something that can make a vaccine work better. This study will look at the protective effect, body's immune response, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 rS with Matrix-M1 adjuvant in these study populations. Participants in the study will randomly be assigned to receive SARS-CoV-2 rS with Matrix-M1 adjuvant or placebo. Each participant in the study will receive a total of 2 intramuscular injections over the course of the study.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

QUADRUPLE

Enrollment

4,422

Conditions

SARS-CoV-2 Infection COVID-19

Interventions

SARS-CoV-2 rS/Matrix-M1 AdjuvantBIOLOGICAL

Alternating intramuscular (deltoid) injections of SARS-CoV-2 rS co-formulated with Matrix-M1 adjuvant (0.5 mL) on Days 0 and 21.

PlaceboOTHER

Alternating intramuscular (deltoid) injections of placebo (0.5 mL) on Days 0 and 21.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 84 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: All subjects: * Adult male and female aged ≥ 18 to \< 65 years at screening for Cohorts 1 and 2 and Adult male or female aged ≥ 65 to \< 85 years at screening for Cohort 1 only. * Body mass index (BMI) of 17 to 40 kg/m². * Provides informed consent prior to study participation and is willing to comply with study procedures, including potential home visits. * Women of child-bearing potential must agree not to have sexual intercourse with men, or must consistently use an agreed method of contraception from at least 21 days prior to enrolment in the study, through 6 months after the last vaccination. HIV-negative subjects only: * Documentation of HIV-negative test result by a method approved in South Africa. * Healthy at study screening, as determined by the investigator. HIV-positive subjects only: * Documentation of HIV-positive test result by a method approved in South Africa. * Receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and has been using the same regimen for at least 8 weeks before screening. Changes in antiretroviral dosage within 8 weeks of entering the study are allowed, as are exchanges in pharmacological formulations. * Medically stable at screening, as determined by the investigator, and free of opportunistic infections in the 1 year prior to first study vaccination. * Have a HIV-1 viral load \< 1000 copies/mL within 45 days of randomization in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Any current acute illness requiring medical or surgical care, or chronic illness (excluding HIV in HIV-positive subjects) that requires changes in medication in the past 2 months indicating that chronic illness/disease is not stable. * Chronic disease, including: 1. Hypertension (elevated blood pressure \[BP\]) ≥ grade 2 (systolic BP ≥ 160 mmHg; and/or diastolic BP ≥ 100 mmHg) according to the South African Hypertension Society's Practice Guidelines. NOTE: Hypertension \[elevated BP\] ≤ grade 1 (systolic BP ≤ 159 mmHg; diastolic BP ≤ 99 mmHg) according to the South African Hypertension Society's Practice Guidelines is NOT exclusionary; 2. Congestive heart failure with a history of an acute exacerbation of any severity in the prior 2 years; 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a history of an acute exacerbation of any severity in the past 2 years; 4. Evidence of unstable coronary artery disease in the past 3 months, as determined by the investigator; NOTE: Stable coronary heart disease is NOT exclusionary. 5. Asthma requiring regular/chronic control medication (eg, short-acting beta2-agonist \[SABA\] \> 2 days per week; or any chronic use of inhaled corticosteroids \[ICS\], long-acting beta2-agonist \[LABA\], leukotriene receptor antagonist \[LTRA\], or oral corticosteroids), and/or worsening of asthma symptoms in the past 3 months; NOTE: Asthma not requiring regular/chronic control medication, and not requiring SABA \> 2 days per week, and not demonstrating worsening of symptoms in the past 3 months, will NOT be excluded. 6. Type 1 or 2 diabetes (adult onset) requiring treatment with insulin; NOTE: Non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes is NOT exclusionary. 7. Chronic kidney disease/renal insufficiency; 8. Chronic gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases; 9. Chronic neurological diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, dementia, transient ischemic attacks, Parkinson's disease, degenerative neurological conditions, neuropathy, or epilepsy), or a history of stroke within 12 months with residual symptoms, or previous neurological disorder within 12 months with residual symptoms; NOTE: History of migraine or chronic headaches, or nerve root compression that have been stable on treatment for the last 4 weeks are NOT exclusionary. * Participation in research involving an investigational product (drug/biologic/device) within 45 days prior to first study vaccination. * Prior receipt of investigational or approved COVID-19 vaccine at any time. * History of a diagnosis of suspected or confirmed COVID-19. * Received influenza (flu) vaccination within 14 days prior to first study vaccination; or any other vaccine within 4 weeks prior to first study vaccination; or planned vaccination with 5 weeks after first study vaccination. * Any autoimmune or immunodeficiency disease/condition (excluding HIV in HIV-positive patients). * Chronic (more than 14 days continuous) administration of immunosuppressant, systemic glucocorticosteroids, or other immune-modifying drugs within 90 days prior to first study vaccination (excluding HAART in HIV-positive subjects). NOTE: An immunosuppressant dose of glucocorticoid is defined as a systemic dose ≥ 10 mg of prednisone per day or equivalent. The use of topical, inhaled, and nasal glucocorticoids will be permitted. * Received immunoglobulin, blood-derived products, or other immunosuppressant drugs within 90 days prior to first study vaccination (excluding HAART in HIV-positive subjects). * Acute respiratory and/or non-respiratory illness consistent with potential COVID-19, concurrent with or within 14 days prior to first study vaccination, or documented temperature of \> 38°C during this period. * Known blood clotting disorder. * Active cancer (malignancy) within 3 years prior to first study vaccination (with the exception of adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancers, as assessed by the investigator). * Any known allergies to products contained in the investigational product, or latex allergy, or any history of anaphylaxis in relation to any previous vaccination. * Women who are breastfeeding or who are pregnant at the time of screening, or plan to become pregnant within the first 6 months of the study. * History of alcohol abuse or drug addiction within 2 years prior to the first study vaccination. * Any condition (other than HIV in HIV-positive subjects) that, in the opinion of the investigator, would pose a health risk to the subject if they participate in the study, or could interfere with evaluation of the study vaccine or interpretation of study results. * Study team member or first-degree relative of any study member. Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply

Locations (14)

ZA018

Bloemfontein, Free State of South Africa, South Africa

ZA003

Hillbrow, Gauteng, South Africa

Site ZA001

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

ZA012

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Site ZA015

Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

ZA023

Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

ZA019

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

ZA020

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

ZA021

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

ZA024

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

...and 4 more locations

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Cohort 1: HIV- Participants with Symptomatic Mild, Moderate, or Severe COVID-19

Number of human immunodeficiency virus negative (HIV-) participants with first occurrence of positive (+) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), (+) PCR-confirmed, SARS-CoV-2 illness with symptomatic mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 assessed from Day 28 (7 days after second vaccination dose) through the length of the study.

Time frame: Day 28 to Day 386

Cohort 2: HIV + Participants with Symptomatic Mild, Moderate, or Severe COVID-19

Number of HIV+ participants with first occurrence of (+) PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 illness with symptomatic mild,moderate or severe COVID-19 assessed from Day 28 (7 days after second vaccination) through the length of the study.

Time frame: Day 28 to Day 386

Cohort 1: HIV- Participants with Solicited Adverse Events (AEs)

Number of HIV- participants with solicited AEs, local and systemic, for 7 days following each vaccination (Days 0 and 21) by severity score, duration, and peak intensity.

Time frame: 28 days

Cohort 1: HIV- Participants with Unsolicited AEs

Number of HIV- participants with unsolicited AEs (eg, treatment-emergent, serious, suspected unexpected serious, those of special interest, MAAEs) through Day 35 by Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) classification, severity score, and relatedness.

Time frame: 35 days

Cohort 2: HIV+ Participants with Solicited AEs

Number of HIV+ participants with solicited AEs, local and systemic, for 7 days following each vaccination (Days 0 and 21) by severity score, duration, and peak intensity.

Time frame: 28 days

Cohort 2: HIV+ Participants with Unsolicited AEs

Number of HIV+ participants with unsolicited AEs (eg, treatment-emergent, serious, suspected unexpected serious, those of special interest, MAAEs) through Day 35 by MedDRA classification, severity score, and relatedness.

Time frame: 35 days

Cohort 2: Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Antibody Levels Expressed as Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs)

Serum IgG antibody levels specific for the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein antigen(s) as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) expressed as GMTs at Day 35.

Time frame: Day 35

Cohort 2: Serum IgG Antibody Levels Expressed as Geometric Mean Fold Rises (GMFRs)

Serum IgG antibody levels specific for the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein antigen(s) as detected by ELISA expressed as GMFRs at Day 35.

Time frame: Day 35

Cohort 2: Serum IgG Antibody Levels Expressed as Seroconversion Rates (SCRs)

Serum IgG antibody levels specific for the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein antigen(s) as detected by ELISA expressed as SCR at Day 35. SCR is defined as the percentage of participants with a post-vaccination titer ≥ 4 fold over naïve background and ≥ 2 fold over pre existing titer.

Time frame: Day 35

Healthcare Worker Expansion (Cohort 3): Participants with AESI's

Number of healthy adult HCW, with AESIs for 14 days post second vaccination (Day 35) by severity score, duration, and peak intensity.

Time frame: Day 35

Healthcare Worker Expansion (Cohort 4): Participants with AESI's

Number of healthy adult HCW, with AESIs for 14 days post second vaccination (Day 70) by severity score, duration, and peak intensity.

Time frame: Day 70

Secondary Outcomes

Cohort 1: HIV- Participants with Individual Strata of Symptomatic Virologically Confirmed, Mild, Moderate, or Severe COVID-19

Number of HIV- participants with first occurrence of (+) PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 illness in terms of individual strata of symptomatic virologically confirmed, mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19.

Time frame: Day 28 to Day 386

Cohort 1: HIV- Participants with COVID-19 Requiring Hospitalization

Number of HIV- participants with first occurrence of (+) PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 illness with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization.

Time frame: Day 28 to Day 386

Cohort 1: Incidence, Maximum Severity Score, and Symptom Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Severity Classification

Incidence, maximum severity score, and symptom duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection by classification of symptomatic virologically confirmed, mild, moderate, and/or severe disease in HIV- participants.

Time frame: Day 28 to Day 386

Cohort 1: Serum IgG Antibody Levels at Multiple Time Points Expressed as GMTs

Serum IgG antibody levels specific for the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein antigen(s) as detected by ELISA expressed as GMTs at Days 0 (baseline), 21 (post first dose), and at 3 and 6 months after the last vaccination in HIV- participants.