Effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Movements in Individuals at Risk for Psychotic Onset and Schizophrenia Patients

For at-risk individuals: The inclusion criteria for at-risk individuals are: 1. A score of or above 9 in the Chinese version of the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (CPQ-16), or a score of or above 8.18 in the Chinese version of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences with 15 items (CAPE-C15), or a score of or above 17 in Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B); 2. A score of or above 22 in the Hong Kong version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) to ensure that they can understand instructions; 3. A score of or above 60 in the Chinese Version of Edinburgh Handedness Inventory to ensure that they are right-handed. 4. The age ≥ 13 years. The inclusion criteria for healthy controls are: 1. A score below the cut-off score of CPQ-16, CAPE-C15, and SPQ-B; 2. A score of or above 22 in MoCA; 3. A score of or above 60 in the Chinese Version of Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; 4. No first-degree family members having a diagnosis of mental illnesses. 5. The age ≥ 13 years. At-risk participants and healthy controls will be excluded if they have any neurological / musculoskeletal dysfunction that may affect their upper-limb movements. For schizophrenia patients: The inclusion criteria for schizophrenia patients are: 1. A diagnosis of schizophrenia without other psychiatric diseases; 2. Having stable psychotic symptoms; 3. A score of or above 22 in HK-MoCA; 4. A score of or above 60 in the Chinese Version of Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. 5. The age ≥ 18 years. The inclusion criteria for healthy controls are: 1. A score below the cut-off score of CPQ-16, CAPE-C15, and SPQ-B; 2. A score of or above 22 in MoCA; 3. A score of or above 60 in the Chinese Version of Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; 4. No first-degree family members having a diagnosis of mental illnesses. 5. The age ≥ 18 years. Patients and healthy controls will be excluded if they have any neurological / musculoskeletal dysfunction that may affect their upper-limb movements.