The project is to build multi-sector and multi-institutional partnerships to test the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a pilot surveillance camera intervention (N=10) to reduce the frequency and severity of abuse, exploitation, and neglect in community older adults.
This a feasibility investigation that aims to conduct an 8-week pilot RCT (N=10 total) to test the potential effectiveness of a surveillance intervention to reduce frequency and severity of elder abuse among older populations. Eligible participants will be recruited from community-dwelling populations in which an older adult victim has experienced elder abuse (abuse, exploitation, neglect) according to New Jersey APS referrals or our screening. With informed written consent, participants will be evenly randomized into one of three conditions: camera, mock camera, and control (usual care). Primary outcomes are elder abuse cases including psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitations, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect measured by 83 items. For psychological and physical abuse, we use eight items and ten items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS).46-53. Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice.54 Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living among individuals living with at least one person.35,55 Self-neglect was assessed by a widely used and validated measurement56,57.The measurement was reviewed by a community advisory board of over 20 community organizations led by a geriatrician and has shown good contend, convergent58, and predictive validity59.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
1
the mock camera intervention is for testing whether the impression of surveillance would have the effect to reduce the recidivism of elder abuse in home settings; 2) whether less costly options (mock cameras) are as effective as surveillance camera(s) in reducing the recidivism of elder abuse; 3) feasibility and acceptability of surveillance camera(s)
Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
elder abuse prevalence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Baseline
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: First week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
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Time frame: Second week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Third week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Fourth week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Fifth week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Sixth week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Seventh week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Eighth week of participation
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Tenth week since baseline
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Third month since baseline
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Fourth month since baseline
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Fifth month since baseline
elder abuse incidence
Psychological, physical, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect, and self-neglect. For psychological and physical abuse, we will use 8 items and 10 items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Sexual abuse will be assessed by a question asking about experiences of being touched in private areas when unwanted. Financial exploitation will be assessed by the 17-item Financial Exploitation Scale, adapted from Conrad et al in a study funded by the Department of Justice. Caregiver neglect will be assessed by 20 items of unmet needs in key activities of daily living. Self-neglect will be assessed by a validated 25-item measurement. Items will be combined to report whether any vs no abuse/neglect/exploitation was experienced. In addition, multiple definitions of severity can be determined by combining these instruments and using various cut off points to determine severity.
Time frame: Sixth month since baseline