This is a pragmatic controlled clinical trial taking place in the first phase of COVID-19 lockdown re-opening in Spain. Patients of 52 chiropractic clinics were invited to participate in a pseudo-random order (one out of every three contacted patients) as they were contacted to either schedule an appointment with their current chiropractor or not, depending on the clinic's and the patient's availability. Patients would receive chiropractic in-person care (one or more than one visits) or no care at all, for a two-week period. According to the care received, they were assigned to one of three groups (receiving no care, receiving care once, and more than once). Participants filled an online questionnaire with self-reported outcome-measures at the beginning of the two week period. A follow-up questionnaire was completed 14 days after.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
723
One visit to the chiropractor based on the use of spinal manipulative therapy, mobilization and other forms of manual therapy, exercise therapy, patient education, advice and reassurance
More than one visit to the chiropractor based on the use of spinal manipulative therapy, mobilization and other forms of manual therapy, exercise therapy, patient education, advice and reassurance
Real Centro Universitario María Cristina
El Escorial, Madrid, Spain
Pain intensity
Numerical rating scale (0-10, 0 meaning no pain, 10 meaning worst pain imaginable)
Time frame: 14 days
Pain frequency
Likert Scale from better (1) to worst (4) outcomes, 1: occasionally, 4: constantly
Time frame: 14 days
Pain evolution
Likert Scale of self-perceived improvement, from better (1) to worst (5) outcomes, 1: much better, 5: much worse
Time frame: 14 days
Pain interference
Validated subscale form the Brief Pain Inventory, 6 categories from 0 to 10 each, the lower, the better outcomes, out of a minimal of 0 and total of 60.
Time frame: 14 days
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Validated questionnaire. Short version 4 items, Likert scale from 0 to 4, lowest score (0) better outcomes, highest score (16) worst outcomes
Time frame: 14 days
Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia
Validated questionnaire. Short version 11 items, Likert scale from 1 to 4, lowest score (11) better outcomes, highest score (44) worst outcomes
Time frame: 14 days
General Anxiety Disorder scale
Validated questionnaire 7 items, Likert scale from 0 to 3, lowest score (0) better outcomes, highest score (21) worst outcomes
Time frame: 14 days
Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale
Validated questionnaire. Short version 12 items, Likert scale from 1 to 5, lowest score (12) better outcomes, highest score (60) worst outcomes
Time frame: 14 days
General Self-Efficacy scale
Validated questionnaire 10 items, Likert scale from 1 to 10, lowest score (10) WORST outcomes, highest score (100) BETTER outcomes
Time frame: 14 days
Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation
Questionnaire, subscale 10 items, Likert scale from 1 to 4, lowest score (1) WORST outcomes, highest score (40) BETTER outcomes
Time frame: 14 days
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