We compared between a regular high protein or a high protein and low carbohydrate smoothie drinks with conventional diabetic enteral drinks (Glucerna) on glucose homeostasis, insulin and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic and obese individuals.
We aimed to determine the effect of high protein and low carbohydrate smoothie drinks on glucose homeostasis, insulin and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic and obese individuals. We compared between a regular high protein or a high protein and low carbohydrate smoothie drinks with conventional diabetic enteral drinks (Glucerna). A crossover design study was done in 60 diabetic participants. Participants consumed 300 kilocalories of each drink at a time with one week wash out period between drinks and glucose response curves at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes were monitored and compared. The products were formulated to supply 1 kilocalorie/milliliter (kcal/ml). Dietary compositions in regular formulas (smoothie, SM) were 30-40% carbohydrate, 20-30% protein and 30-50% fat. While in smoothie with low carbohydrate formulas (SMLS), they were 25-35% carbohydrate, 25-30% protein and 35-55% fat vs. a control formula (Glucerna).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
43
Participants were given 300 kcal of smoothie drink within 3-5 minutes and blood collection after drinking at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. Participants have one week wash out period before try-out other formulas.
Participants were given 300 kcal of smoothie drink within 3-5 minutes and blood collection after drinking at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. Participants have one week wash out period before try-out other formulas.
Participants were given 300 kcal of smoothie drink within 3-5 minutes and blood collection after drinking at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. Participants have one week wash out period before try-out other formulas.
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
Change from baseline Glycemia at 240 minutes
glucose (mg/dl)
Time frame: Minutes after intake of each smoothie formula: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240
Change from baseline Insulin at 240 minutes
insulin (μU/ml)
Time frame: Minutes after intake of each smoothie formula: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240
Age
years
Time frame: Baseline
Weight
kg
Time frame: Baseline
Height
cm
Time frame: Baseline
Body Mass Index
kg/m\^2
Time frame: Baseline
Waist circumference
cm
Time frame: Baseline
Blood pressure
Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Time frame: Baseline
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Red blood cells (RBC) \[10\^6 cells/ul\], White blood cells (WBC) \[10\^3 cells/ul\], Hemoglobin (HGB) \[g/dL\], Hematocrit (HCT) \[%\]
Time frame: Baseline
glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)
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percentage (%)
Time frame: Baseline
liver aminotransferaces activity - Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)
Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) \[U/L\]
Time frame: Baseline
liver aminotransferaces activity - Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT)
Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) \[U/L\]
Time frame: Baseline
lipid profiles concentration analysis
Triglycerides (mg/dl), Cholesterol (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl) and LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Time frame: Baseline
Creatinine concentration analysis
mg/dl
Time frame: Baseline