Stellate Ganglion Blockade to Reduce Cardiac Anxiety and PTSD Symptoms in Cardiac Arrest Survivors

Number of Participants With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PCL-5)

This is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses symptoms of PTSD. Each item can be scored on a scale of 0-4, "Not at all" (0), "A little bit" (1), "Moderately" (2), "Quite a bit" (3), and "Extremely" (4) are the eligible responses. There are five clusters that are assessed: items 1-5, items 6-7, items 8-14, and items 15-20. Each of these sub-scores are summed to receive a score between 0-80; a higher score indicating a higher severity of PTSD symptoms. The cutoff score that is indicative of probable PTSD is 31-33.

Time frame: Assessed pre-procedure and then repeated at 4-weeks post-procedure

The Proportion of Participants With Clinically Significant Symptoms of Cardiac Anxiety

The effect of SGB-PsychoED intervention on cardiac anxiety will be assessed using cardiac anxiety questionnaire (CAQ).This is an 18-item questionnaire that assesses anxiety through three divided sub-scales: fear (items 10, 11, 13-18), avoidance (items 2, 5, 7, 9, 12), and attention (items 1, 3, 4, 6, 8). Each item is scored via the 5-point Likert scale: "Never" (0), "Rarely" (1). "Sometimes" (2), "Often" (3), and "Always" (4). Item responses are summed to receive a score between 0-72. Higher reported scores indicate a greater heart-focused anxiety.

Time frame: Assessed pre-procedure and then repeated at 4-weeks post-procedure

The Proportion of Participants With Clinically Significant Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

The effect of the intervention on generalized anxiety disorder will be assessed using the generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 (GAD-7). This is a 7-item scale that assesses the presence of generalized anxiety disorder. Responses can be given as "Not at all" (0), "Several days" (1), "More than half the days" (2), and "Nearly every day" (3). These scores can be summed to produce a score between 0 and 21. Scores between 0-4 indicate minimal anxiety, scores between 5-9 indicate mild anxiety, scores between 10-14 indicate moderate anxiety, and scores greater than 15 indicate severe anxiety.

Time frame: Assessed pre-procedure and then repeated at 4-weeks post-procedure

The Proportion of Participants With Clinically Significant Symptoms of Depression.

The effect of SGB-PsychoED intervention on depression will be assessed using the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8). This is an 8-item scale that assesses depression, with responses to each item being: "Not at all" (0), "Several days" (1), "More than half the days" (2), and "Nearly every day" (3). The sub-scores are summed to result in a score from 0-24. Higher scores indicate higher indication of depression. Scores that are reported as 10 or above are assessed to be showing symptoms of depression.