Obesity is a chronic disease in which accumulation of excess body fat can result in impaired health. In cases of severe obesity, weight loss surgery can be necessary as a treatment. There are different forms of surgery but the common basic principle is to restrict food intake and decrease the absorption of food in the stomach and intestines. As a consequence, there is a higher risk of developing nutrient deficiency after surgery and supplementation of protein, vitamins, and minerals can be necessary. This study evaluates intakes of protein, vitamins, and minerals in patients with weight loss surgery and compares them to recommended intakes. Further, this study looks at the role of age, sex, and socioeconomic status in this context.
Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. These days, bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment of morbid obesity. In the last decade, the number of bariatric surgeries performed worldwide constantly increased. Common bariatric surgery procedures include gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric band, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. After surgery, weight loss is induced by a reduced food volume the stomach can hold, malabsorption of nutrients, or by a combination of both mechanisms. In consequence, patients with bariatric surgery have an increased risk of developing nutrient deficiency. Therefore, guidelines recommend supplementation of critical nutrients, i.e. protein, vitamins, and minerals, after bariatric surgery. This study assesses intake of these nutrients in patients with bariatric surgery based on the recommendations provided by the German S3 Guideline Group on the Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. In particular, this study assesses the association of therapy adherence with age, sex, and socioeconomic status.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
38
University Medicine Greifswald
Greifswald, Germany
Therapy Adherence Across Groups of Socio-Economic Status
Number of recommendations followed by the patients according to the recommendations provided by the German S3 Guidelines across groups of socio-economic status.
Time frame: Baseline
Therapy Adherence Across Age Groups
Number of recommendations followed by the patients according to the recommendations provided by the German S3 Guidelines across age groups.
Time frame: Baseline
Therapy Adherence Across Sexes
Number of recommendations followed by the patients according to the recommendations provided by the German S3 Guidelines across sexes.
Time frame: Baseline
Improvement of Deficiency Symptoms
Determination of improvement of deficiency symptoms through adequate supplementation after bariatric surgery
Time frame: Baseline
Body Weight
Determination of body weight measured in kilograms
Time frame: Baseline
Body Height
Determination of body height measured in centimeters
Time frame: Baseline
Body Mass Index
Determination of body mass index measured in kg/m\^2 (calculated from the values obtained for body weight and height)
Time frame: Baseline
Waist Circumference
Determination of waist circumference measured in centimeters
Time frame: Baseline
Hip Circumference
Determination of hip circumference measured in centimeters
Time frame: Baseline
Waist-to-Hip Ratio
Determination of waist-to-hip ratio (calculated from the values obtained for waist and hip circumference)
Time frame: Baseline
Triceps Skinfold Thickness
Determination of triceps skinfold thickness measured in millimeters
Time frame: Baseline
Upper Arm Circumference
Determination of upper arm circumference measured in centimeters
Time frame: Baseline
Fat Free Mass
Determination of fat free mass measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Time frame: Baseline
Skeletal Muscle Mass
Determination of skeletal muscle mass measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Time frame: Baseline
Fat Mass
Determination of fat mass measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Time frame: Baseline
Total Body Water
Determination of total body water measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Time frame: Baseline
Extracellular Water
Determination of extracellular water measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Time frame: Baseline
Phase Angle
Determination of phase angle measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Time frame: Baseline
Muscle Strength
Determination of muscle strength assessed by handgrip dynamometry
Time frame: Baseline
Systolic Blood Pressure
Determination of systolic blood pressure in mmHg
Time frame: Baseline
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Determination of diastolic blood pressure in mmHg
Time frame: Baseline
Physical Activity
Determination of metabolic equivalents of task per day and activity level assessed by employment of the German version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form
Time frame: Baseline
Energy Intake
Determination of energy intake (kcal/d) assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Protein Intake
Determination of protein intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Fat Intake
Determination of fat intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake
Determination of omega-3 fatty acid intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Omega-6 Fatty Acid Intake
Determination of omega-6 fatty acid intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Carbohydrate Intake
Determination of carbohydrate intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Dietary Fiber Intake
Determination of dietary fiber intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Sucrose Intake
Determination of sucrose intake intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Alcohol Intake
Determination of alcohol intake intake assessed by 7-day dietary record
Time frame: Baseline
Diet Quality
Determination of diety quality assessed by 7-day dietary record based on the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) score. Scores range from 0 to 110, with higher scores indicating higher diet quality
Time frame: Baseline
Quality of Life Assessment
Quality of life was assessed by employment of the German Short Form-12 Questionnaire, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline
Intestinal Microbiome
Determination of intestinal microbiome composition in comparison to healthy control subjects
Time frame: Baseline
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.