Psychological Group Treatment in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Development of a Short Cognitive -Behavioral Program

To assess the severity of ADHD symptons

Assessed by Connors' Adult ADHD Rating Scales Self-report form (CAARS-S:L)

Time frame: at Baseline

To assess the severity of ADHD symptons

Assessed by Connors' Adult ADHD Rating Scales Observer form (CAARS-O-L)

Time frame: at Baseline

To assess the ADHD symptons at childhood

Assessed by Wender UTAH Rating Scale (WURS). This is a scale used in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on behaviour and feelings experienced during childhood. The self-report questionnaire consists of 61-items, 25 of which are highly relevant items for ADHD (thus used in the scale for ADHD) and can help link childhood symptoms with patterns of behaviour in adulthood. The scale is however limited by the capacity of the patient to recall memories from childhood. Each of the questions in the retrospective scale has 4 answer choices, awarded points from 0 to 4: * Not at all or slightly (0 points); * Mildly (1 point); * Moderately (2 points); * Quite a bit (3 points); * Very much (4 points). The results range between 0 and 100 when the 25-item scale is used and a cut-off at 46 points was provided. This means that patients who score 46 or above are likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Time frame: at Baseline

To assess the Health status

Assessed by SF-36. The Short Form (36) Health Survey is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient health. The SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability

Time frame: at Baseline

Change in the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0)

WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) consist of 36 items. The scores assigned to each of the items - "none" (0), "mild" (1) "moderate" (2), "severe" (3) and "extreme" (4) - are summed. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability

Time frame: In the 6 sessions group: at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks.In 12 session group: at 12 weeks, at 24 weeks and at 36 weeks.

Change in the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST)

It comprises 24 items that assess impairment or disability in six specific areas of functioning: autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, financial issues, interpersonal relationships and leisure time. It is a likert scale. Each item is scored from 0 to 4. The total scored range is from 0 to 96 with a higher score indicating more disability problems.

Time frame: In the 6 sessions group: at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks.In 12 session group: at 12 weeks, at 24 weeks and at 36 weeks.

Change in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)

the BDI-II also contains 21 questions, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. The standardized cutoffs used differ from the original: 0-13: minimal depression 14-19: mild depression 20-28: moderate depression 29-63: severe depression

Time frame: In the 6 sessions group: at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks.In 12 session group: at 12 weeks, at 24 weeks and at 36 weeks.

Change in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

This inventory is made up of 40 questions and they are rated on a 4-point scale. Low scores indicate a mild form of anxiety whereas median scores indicate a moderate form of anxiety and high scores indicate a severe form of anxiety.

Time frame: In the 6 sessions group: at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks.In 12 session group: at 12 weeks, at 24 weeks and at 36 weeks.