To determine whether PS128 (1) reduces the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, (2) adjusts autonomic nervous system functioning, and (3) improves sleep quality.
Forty participants with self-reported insomnia between 20 and 40 years old were randomly assigned to two groups, the PS128 and a placebo group, under the double-blind trial. Participants took two capsules with or without PS128 after dinner for 30 days. Study measures included subjective depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleep questionnaires, and miniature polysomnography (miniature-PSG) recordings at baseline and on the 15th and 30th days after taking capsules.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
40
Institute of Brain Science National Yang Ming University
Taipei, Taiwan
Differences in sleep EEG before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
According to sleep EEG,we can analysis participants' brain waves (alpha,beta,theta,delta) and sleep stages,etc. to evaluate their objective sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) is a 21-item, self-rated scale that evaluates key symptoms of depression. It rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3 based on severity of each item. The maximum total score is 63. A higher score reflects greater symptoms of depression.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-item, self-rated scale that evaluates anxiety levels , rated on a scale from 0 to 3. Each item is descriptive of subjective, somatic, or panic-related symptoms of anxiety.The maximum total score is 63.A higher score reflects greater anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, and takes 5-10 minutes to complete.The maximum total score is 21. A higher score reflects more poor sleep quality.
Time frame: baseline and day30
Differences in the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
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Designed as a brief screening tool for insomnia, the seven-item questionnaire asks respondents to rate the nature and symptoms of their sleep problems using a Likert-type scale. Responses can range from 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate more acute symptoms of insomnia.The maximum total score is 28.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is widely used in the field of sleep medicine as a subjective measure of sleepiness. The test is a list of eight situations in which you rate your tendency to become sleepy on a scale of 0, no chance of dozing, to 3, high chance of dozing.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
HRV is measured by the variatrasions in the R-R interval between the successive peaks of the QRS complex in the ECG wave. Based on fast Fourier transform, time-domain (R-R interval) transfer to frequency domain resulting total power (TP, 0.0-0.4), low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15Hz), high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4Hz), normalized LF (LF%) and LF/HF ratio are obtained. LF% and HF represent an index of sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity respectively. LF/HF is indicative of the sympathetic to paympathetic autonomic balance.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) consists of a line, 10 cm in length. Individuals point to or mark a spot on the line where they feel indicates their current their emotion, fatigue level and sleep quality. The score of emotion level is from 0cm (very nervous) to 10 cm (very relaxing). The score of fatigue level is from 0 cm (very energetic) to 10 cm (very sleepy). The score of sleep quality is from 0 cm (poor) to 10 cm (sleep well). The maximum total score is 100% (equal 10cm).
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30
Differences in the State and Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) before and after the consumption of probiotics compared to the placebo group.
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a psychological inventory based on a 4-point Likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a self-report basis. The STAI measures two types of anxiety - state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic. The score of state anxiety is from 0 to 80.The score of trait anxiety is from 0 to 80. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline, day15 and day30