Clinical Trial of a Rehabilitation Device Based on Electrostimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Overview

The aim of this study is to evaluate in a clinical trial a rehabilitation device for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) based on oropharyngeal electrical stimulation, which strengthens the dilating muscles of the upper airway, improves mechanical laryngopharyngeal sensitivity and improves OSA. Furthermore, to perform experimental electrotherapy, nasoendoscopy, polygraphy and polysomnography tests with the device in order to calculate thresholds of functional and sensory intensities on the dilating muscles of the upper airway in patients with OSA. These tests also include the detection of signals that measure breathing events during sleep in patients with OSA in order to use them in the control mechanisms of the electrostimulation device. Assess the effects and safety of the device in a group of five healthy volunteers for preliminary results. Finally, to evaluate in a small group of patients with OSA the device capacity to stimulate the upper-airway dilating muscles and to reduce the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation indices when the electrostimulation device is used over a medium-term period (eight weeks) with morning and evening therapy sessions.

Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterised by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway, leading to several interruptions during sleep. It is currently one of the main public health problems worldwide and one of the main cardiovascular risk factors in developed and intermediate developing countries, whose populations are increasing in obesity and age. One of the common treatments for OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices, which pumps air through a hose, reaches a mask that the patient has over his or her nose and travels the airway, keeping the upper airway open during sleep and avoiding episodes of airway collapse. The problem is that CPAP is not accepted by some patients due to a lack of adaptation, so alternative treatments may be needed. For some years, there have been explorations of treatments related to electrical stimulation of the muscles of the upper airway as therapy to reduce the number of episodes of apnoea (measured through the apnoea-hypopnoea index) during the night, strengthening these muscles through stimulation. This is the protocol of a clinical study of a rehabilitation device for home use that not only provides functional stimulation of the upper-airway dilator muscles but also provides sensory stimulation. This device works by strengthening the dilating muscles of the upper respiratory tract and improving the sensory capacity of the laryngo-pharyngeal tract and is based on existing publications on the effectiveness of functional and somatosensory neurostimulation through neuroplasticity in the recovery of neurological deficits.