The anticaries effect of fluoride is through the increase in fluoride presence and retention in the oral fluids, reducing dental demineralization and enhancing remineralization. Previous studies showed that a preapplication of calcium (in a rinse) prior to administration of fluoride greatly enhances fluoride concentration in the mouth and the anticaries effect of fluoride. The hypothesis of this study is that the same can be achieved by chewing a calcium supplement prior to a fluoride rinse. The first goal is to determine if chewing these calcium supplements will increase calcium concentration in the oral fluids above baseline levels. Secondly, the calcium supplement with the highest calcium release will be tested before a fluoride rinse to assess the increased retention of fluoride in the oral fluids when compared with the fluoride rinse alone. In both parts, healthy volunteers will participate and saliva will be collected to assess calcium and fluoride concentration.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
18
Chewable candy (negative control), chewed for 30 seconds.
Chewable tricalcium phosphate supplement, chewed for 30 seconds.
Chewable calcium carbonate supplement, chewed for 30 seconds.
Chewable calcium citrate supplement, chewed for 30 seconds.
A chewable candy chewed for 30 seconds, immediately followed by a 1 minute rinse with an over the counter sodium fluoride mouthwash, at a concentration of 0.05% (226 parts per millim (ppm) of fluoride).
A calcium carbonate supplement chewed for 30 seconds, immediately followed by a 1 minute rinse with an over the counter sodium fluoride mouthwash, at a concentration of 0.05% (226 parts per millim (ppm) of fluoride).
A calcium citrate supplement chewed for 30 seconds, immediately followed by a 1 minute rinse with an over the counter sodium fluoride mouthwash, at a concentration of 0.05% (226 parts per millim (ppm) of fluoride).
School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Calcium concentration in saliva at baseline
Saliva collected as one spit, immediately before chewing one of the calcium supplements to be tested in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: Baseline
Calcium concentration in the mixture of saliva and chewed calcium supplement
Saliva and remnants of the chewed calcium supplement collected at the end of the chewing period (30 seconds) in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: Immediately after the 30-second chewing of calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 15 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 15 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 15 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 30 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 30 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 30 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 45 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 45 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 45 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 60 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 60 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 60 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 120 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 120 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 120 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 180 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 180 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 180 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 240 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 240 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 240 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Calcium concentration in saliva at 300 seconds
Saliva collected as one spit, 300 seconds after chewing the calcium supplement in Arm 1. Calcium concentration determined using a colorimetric method.
Time frame: 300 seconds after chewing calcium supplement
Area under the curve of calcium concentration in saliva
Calcium concentration in saliva collected at baseline (before chewing the supplements), and 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 seconds after chewing the supplements in Arm 1 expressed as the area under the curve of calcium concentration in saliva as a function of time (milimolar x min).
Time frame: Baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 seconds after chewing calcium supplements
Fluoride concentration in saliva at baseline
Saliva will be collected for 2 min, immediately before chewing a calcium supplement and/or rinse with the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration will be determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: Baseline
Fluoride concentration in saliva at time 0
Saliva and remnants of the fluoride mouth rinse collected at the end of the rinsing period (1 minute) in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: 0 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
Fluoride concentration in saliva at 5 min
Saliva will be collected for 2 min, 5 min after chewing a calcium supplement and/or rinse with the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration will be determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: 5 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
Fluoride concentration in saliva at 15 min
Saliva collected for 2 min, 15 min after chewing a calcium supplement and/or rinse with the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: 15 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
Fluoride concentration in saliva at 30 min
Saliva collected for 2 min, 30 min after chewing a calcium supplement and/or rinse with the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: 30 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
Fluoride concentration in saliva at 60 min
Saliva collected for 2 min, 60 min after chewing a calcium supplement and/or rinse with the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: 60 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
Fluoride concentration in saliva at 120 min
Saliva collected for 2 min, 120 min after chewing a calcium supplement and/or rinse with the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2. Fluoride concentration determined using an ion-specific electrode.
Time frame: 120 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
Area under the curve of fluoride concentration in saliva
Fluoride concentration in saliva collected at baseline (before treatments), and 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after chewing the supplements and/or rinsing the fluoride mouthrinse in Arm 2 expressed as the area under the curve of fluoride concentration in saliva as a function of time (micromolar x min).
Time frame: Baseline, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after chewing supplement/mouthwashing
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