The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dairy-based probiotics on cognitive function, emotional wellbeing, and inflammation. Subjects were assigned to either consume 6 oz of yogurt/day or abstain from consuming yogurt and other probiotic-containing foods for 12 weeks. Subjects completed baseline testing and 12-week follow-up testing consisting of a laboratory blood draw to assess inflammatory biomarkers, and a computerized assessment to evaluate cognitive and emotional wellbeing measures.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
47
6 oz. of a commercially available yogurt were provided daily for 12 weeks
University of Idaho
Boise, Idaho, United States
University of Idaho
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, United States
University of Idaho
Pocatello, Idaho, United States
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, United States
Change in Fluid Cognition Composite from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized cognitive assessments at baseline and 12-weeks, using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function application. The fluid cognition composite score was derived from scores on the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test, Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, Picture Sequence Memory Test, Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test, and List Sorting Working Memory test.
Time frame: Change from baseline fluid cognition composite score at 12-weeks
Change in Executive Function from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized cognitive assessments at baseline and 12-weeks, using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function application. Executive function was assessed by the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test and the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test.
Time frame: Change from baseline executive function test scores at 12 weeks
Change in Attention from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized cognitive assessments at baseline and 12-weeks, using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function application. Attention was assessed by the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test.
Time frame: Change from baseline attention test scores at 12 weeks
Change in Working Memory from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized cognitive assessments at baseline and 12-weeks, using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function application. Working Memory was assessed by the List Sorting Working Memory test.
Time frame: Change from baseline working memory test scores at 12 weeks
Change in Processing Speed from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized cognitive assessments at baseline and 12-weeks, using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function application. Processing Speed was assessed by the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed test.
Time frame: Change from baseline processing speed test scores at 12 weeks
Change in Episodic Memory from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized cognitive assessments at baseline and 12-weeks, using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function application. Episodic Memory was assessed by the Picture Sequence Memory test.
Time frame: Change in baseline episodic memory score at 12 weeks
Change in Negative Affect from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized self-reported questionnaires using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. A Negative Affect summary score was derived from 5 individual assessments of anger affect, anger hostility, sadness, fear affect, and perceived stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline negative affect test scores at 12 weeks
Change in Psychological Wellbeing
Subjects completed a battery of computerized self-reported questionnaires using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. A Psychological Wellbeing summary score was derived from 3 individual assessments of life satisfaction, meaning, and positive affect.
Time frame: Change from baseline psychological satisfaction test scores at 12 weeks
Change in Social Satisfaction from Baseline to 12-weeks
Subjects completed a battery of computerized self-reported questionnaires using the NIHToolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. A Social Satisfaction summary score was derived from 5 individual assessments of friendship, loneliness, emotional support, instrumental support, and perceived rejection.
Time frame: Change from baseline social satisfaction test scores at 12 weeks
Change in serum interleukin-6 concentration from baseline to 12 weeks
Serum samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of interleukin-6 (pg/mL).
Time frame: Change from baseline serum interleukin-6 concentration at 12 weeks
Change in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration from baseline to 12 weeks
Serum samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (pg/mL).
Time frame: Change from baseline serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration at 12 weeks
Change in serum c-reactive protein concentration from baseline to 12 weeks
Serum samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of c-reactive protein (mg/L).
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Time frame: Change from baseline serum c-reactive protein concentration at 12 weeks