Assessing the Effects of CytoSorb Hemoperfusion on the Development on Immunoparalysis

Radboud University Medical Center24 enrolled

Overview

In this randomized, open-label study, the investigators will assess whether CytoSorb hemoperfusion will prevent or attenuate the development of immunoparalysis in healthy volunteers undergoing repeated experimental endotoxemia.

Sepsis is an inflammatory syndrome with high mortality rates and increasing incidence. Sepsis-induced immunoparalysis, increasingly recognized as the overriding immune disorder in sepsis patients, attributes significantly to late mortality in sepsis patients. The investigators hypothesize that 'blood purification' techniques targeted at the removal of excess circulating cytokines, such as the CytoSorb hemoperfusion device, might prevent or attenuate the development of immunoparalysis. The objective of this trial is to determine the effects of CytoSorb hemoperfusion on the development of immunoparalysis in a repeated experimental endotoxemia model in healthy male volunteers. To this end, 24 healthy male volunteers subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion into one of two treatment groups (active or control). Both study groups will undergo two endotoxin challenges, separated by seven days. To this end, endotoxin (LPS) will be administered as a bolus of 1 ng/kg, followed by continuous infusion of 0.5 ng/kg/hr for three hours. The active group will be treated with CytoSorb hemoperfusion during the first endotoxin challenge, whereas the control group will receive no additional treatment. During both endotoxin challenges, blood samples will be obtained serially to measure levels of circulating cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Sepsis Immune Deficiency Hemoperfusion Blood Purification

Interventions

CytoSorb hemoperfusionDEVICE

Subjects will be treated with CytoSorb hemoperfusion (in stand-alone setup) for 6 hours at a flow rate of 250 ml/min during endotoxemia.

Eligibility

Sex: MALEMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 35 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Provide written informed consent * Male * Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 35 years * Healthy (as determined by medical history, physical examination, vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and routine clinical laboratory parameters) Exclusion Criteria: * Use of any medication * Smoking * Known anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to any (non-)investigational products or their excipients. * History or signs of atopic syndrome (asthma, rhinitis with medication and/or eczema) * History or signs of hematological disease * History or signs of thromboembolic disorders * History of (intracranial) aneurysmal or hemorrhagic diseases * History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) * Thrombocytopenia (\<150\*109/ml) or anemia (hemoglobin \< 8.0 mmol/L) * History, signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease, in particular: * Previous spontaneous vagal collapse * History of atrial or ventricular arrhythmia * Cardiac conduction abnormalities on the ECG consisting of a 2nd degree atrio-ventricular block or a complete left bundle branch block * Hypertension (defined as RR systolic \> 160 or RR diastolic \> 90 mmHg) * Hypotension (defined as RR systolic \< 100 or RR diastolic \< 50 mmHg) * Renal impairment (defined as plasma creatinine \>120 μmol/l) * Liver enzyme abnormalities (above 2x the upper limit of normal) * Medical history of any disease associated with immune deficiency * Signs of infection (CRP \> 20 mg/L, WBC \> 12x109/L or \< 4x109/L) * Clinically significant acute illness, including infections or trauma, within 1 month of the first endotoxin challenge * Previous (participation in a study with) endotoxin (LPS) administration * Any vaccination within 3 months within of the first endotoxin challenge * Participation in a drug trial or donation of blood within 3 months prior to first endotoxin challenge * Recent hospital admission or surgery with general anesthesia within 3 months prior to first endotoxin challenge * Use of recreational drugs within 1 month of the first endotoxin challenge * Inability to personally provide written informed consent (e.g. for linguistic or mental reasons) and/or take part in the study.

Locations (1)

Radboud University Medical Center

Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Between group differences in plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels during the second endotoxin challenge.

Blood samples will be obtained at predefined time points before, during and after endotoxin administration to assess plasma levels (in pg/mL) of circulating inflammatory mediatiors. To assess between group differences, the area under the curve (AUC) of the time concentration curve (expressed in arbitrary units) of each inflammatory mediator will be calculated.

Time frame: Samples will be obtained starting 1 hour prior until 8 hours after endotoxin administration

Secondary Outcomes

Between group differences in plasma levels of other inflammatory cytokines during the second endotoxin challenge.

Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)

Time frame: Samples will be obtained starting 1 hour prior until 8 hours after endotoxin administration

Between group differences in mHLA-DR expression

Differences in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR expression on monocytes will be assessed using flowcytometry.

Time frame: 1 hour before, 3 hours after and 6 hours after endotoxin administration

Between group differences in norepinephrine sensitivity

To assess the effects of CytoSorb hemoperfusion on norepinephrine sensitivity, norepinephrine will be administered in increasing dosages (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 γ) for 5 minutes per dose. Blood pressure will be recorded continuously with an arterial catheter.

Time frame: One hour before and 4 hours after endotoxin administration during the first endotoxin challenge

Cytokine clearance by the adsorber

Blood samples will be obtained from the afferent and efferent tubing of the CytoSorb adsorber to calculate clearance of cytokines by the adsorber

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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